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2023-05-06 21:30:18 -07:00
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4 changed files with 170 additions and 11 deletions

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@ -84,7 +84,6 @@ Can we define $-1$ in $\Bigl( \mathbb{Z} ~\big|~ \{0, +, -, <\} \Bigr)$? \par
\pagebreak
Let us formalize what we found in the previous two problems. \par
\say{Definable elements} are one of the two most important ideas in this handout.
\definition{}
A \textit{formula} in a structure $S$ is a well-formed string of constants, functions, and relations. \par
@ -99,15 +98,6 @@ For the sake of time, I will not provide a formal definition. It isn't particula
Say $S$ is a structure over a language $\mathcal{L}$. \par
We say an element $e$ of $\mathcal{L}$ is \textit{definable in $S$} if we can write a formula that only $e$ satisfies.
\problem{}
Can we define 2 in the structure $\Bigl( \mathbb{Z} ~\big|~ \{4, \times \} \Bigr)$?
\begin{solution}
No. We could try $[x \text{ where } x \times x = 4]$, but this is satisfied by both $2$ and $-2$. \\
We have no way to distinguish between negative and positive numbers.
\end{solution}
\vfill
\problem{}
Can we define 2 in the structure $\Bigl( \mathbb{Z^+} ~\big|~ \{4, \times \} \Bigr)$? \par
@ -119,6 +109,18 @@ Can we define 2 in the structure $\Bigl( \mathbb{Z^+} ~\big|~ \{4, \times \} \Bi
\vfill
\problem{}
Can we define 2 in the structure $\Bigl( \mathbb{Z} ~\big|~ \{4, \times \} \Bigr)$?
\begin{solution}
No. We could try $[x \text{ where } x \times x = 4]$, but this is satisfied by both $2$ and $-2$. \\
We have no way to distinguish between negative and positive numbers.
\end{solution}
\vfill
\problem{}
What is definable in the structure $\Bigl( \mathbb{R} ~\big|~ \{1, 2, \div \} \Bigr)$?