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@ -84,7 +84,6 @@ Can we define $-1$ in $\Bigl( \mathbb{Z} ~\big|~ \{0, +, -, <\} \Bigr)$? \par
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\pagebreak
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Let us formalize what we found in the previous two problems. \par
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\say{Definable elements} are one of the two most important ideas in this handout.
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\definition{}
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A \textit{formula} in a structure $S$ is a well-formed string of constants, functions, and relations. \par
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@ -99,15 +98,6 @@ For the sake of time, I will not provide a formal definition. It isn't particula
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Say $S$ is a structure over a language $\mathcal{L}$. \par
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We say an element $e$ of $\mathcal{L}$ is \textit{definable in $S$} if we can write a formula that only $e$ satisfies.
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\problem{}
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Can we define 2 in the structure $\Bigl( \mathbb{Z} ~\big|~ \{4, \times \} \Bigr)$?
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\begin{solution}
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No. We could try $[x \text{ where } x \times x = 4]$, but this is satisfied by both $2$ and $-2$. \\
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We have no way to distinguish between negative and positive numbers.
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\end{solution}
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\vfill
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\problem{}
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Can we define 2 in the structure $\Bigl( \mathbb{Z^+} ~\big|~ \{4, \times \} \Bigr)$? \par
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@ -119,6 +109,18 @@ Can we define 2 in the structure $\Bigl( \mathbb{Z^+} ~\big|~ \{4, \times \} \Bi
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\vfill
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\problem{}
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Can we define 2 in the structure $\Bigl( \mathbb{Z} ~\big|~ \{4, \times \} \Bigr)$?
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\begin{solution}
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No. We could try $[x \text{ where } x \times x = 4]$, but this is satisfied by both $2$ and $-2$. \\
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We have no way to distinguish between negative and positive numbers.
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\end{solution}
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\vfill
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\problem{}
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What is definable in the structure $\Bigl( \mathbb{R} ~\big|~ \{1, 2, \div \} \Bigr)$?
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