Cleanup
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@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ For the sake of time, I will not provide a formal definition. It isn't particula
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A formula can contain one or more \textit{free variables.} These are denoted $\varphi{(a, b, ...)}$. \par
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Formulas with free variables let us define \say{properties} that certain objects have. \par
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For example, $x$ is a free variable in the formula $\varphi(x) = x > 0$. \par
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For example, $x$ is a free variable in the formula $\varphi(x) = [x > 0]$. \par
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$\varphi(3)$ is true and $\varphi(-3)$ is false.
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\definition{Definable Elements}
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@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ Can we define 2 in the structure $\Bigl( \mathbb{Z^+} ~\big|~ \{4, \times \} \Bi
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\hint{$\mathbb{Z}^+ = \{1, 2, 3, ...\}$. Also, $2 \times 2 = 4$.}
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\begin{solution}
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$2$ is the only element in $\mathbb{Z}^+$ that satisfies $[x \text{ where } x \times x = 4]$.
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$2$ is the only element in $\mathbb{Z}^+$ that satisfies $\varphi(x) = [x \times x = 4]$.
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\end{solution}
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\vfill
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@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Can we define 2 in the structure $\Bigl( \mathbb{Z^+} ~\big|~ \{4, \times \} \Bi
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Try to define 2 in the structure $\Bigl( \mathbb{Z} ~\big|~ \{4, \times \} \Bigr)$.
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\begin{solution}
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This isn't possible. We could try $[x \text{ where } x \times x = 4]$, but this is satisfied by both $2$ and $-2$. \\
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This isn't possible. We could try $\varphi(x) = [x \times x = 4]$, but this is satisfied by both $2$ and $-2$. \par
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We have no way to distinguish between negative and positive numbers.
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\begin{instructornote}
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