Added basic planet ui

Cargo.lock

@@ -777,8 +777,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "glyphon"
-version = "0.3.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/grovesNL/glyphon.git?rev=b15437b87f4082e7a96a2ba05ed5063a6047cf95#b15437b87f4082e7a96a2ba05ed5063a6047cf95"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "17e87235dcba36007d4990db6253ac04e4efbd16df1f0812c2fefb1217aa2644"
 dependencies = [
  "cosmic-text",
  "etagere",
@@ -1043,9 +1044,9 @@ checksum = "b5e6163cb8c49088c2c36f57875e58ccd8c87c7427f7fbd50ea6710b2f3f2e8f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lru"
-version = "0.11.1"
+version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a4a83fb7698b3643a0e34f9ae6f2e8f0178c0fd42f8b59d493aa271ff3a5bf21"
+checksum = "2994eeba8ed550fd9b47a0b38f0242bc3344e496483c6180b69139cc2fa5d1d7"
 dependencies = [
  "hashbrown",
 ]

Cargo.toml

@@ -63,6 +63,4 @@ anyhow = "1.0"
 rand = "0.8.5"
 walkdir = "2.4.0"
 toml = "0.8.8"
-
-# Glyphon's crates.io release doesn't support wgpu 0.18 yet
-glyphon = { git = "https://github.com/grovesNL/glyphon.git", rev = "b15437b87f4082e7a96a2ba05ed5063a6047cf95" }
+glyphon = "0.4.1"

TODO.md

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 
 ## Small jobs
+- 🌟 Better planet desc formatting
 - Procedural suns
 - 🌟 Back arrow -> reverse
 - No wobble for ai ships & autopilot
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@
 - Projectile performance
 - Starfield clusters, shader instead of an array?
 - Collider groups for factions? (projectile optimization)
+- Better error when sprite is missing from atlas
 
 ## 🌟 Player selection
 - Planet name, ring, and distance

assets

@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 9746acb16c6e2c5f6f232e8d1b53e27fb9ef486e
+Subproject commit b4fe8111c7b1cb17987bbff095bd50e61e2d8998

content/sprite.toml

@@ -61,6 +61,16 @@ file = "ui/radarframe.png"
 [sprite."ui::centerarrow"]
 file = "ui/center-arrow.png"
 
+[sprite."ui::planet"]
+file = "ui/planet.png"
+
+[sprite."ui::landscape::test"]
+file = "ui/landscape/test.png"
+
+[sprite."ui::landscapemask"]
+file = "ui/landscape-mask.png"
+
+
 [sprite."particle::blaster"]
 timing.duration = 0.15
 repeat = "once"

content/system.toml

@@ -15,6 +15,20 @@ object.earth.size = 1000
 
 # TODO: satisfy conditions to land
 object.earth.landable = true
+object.earth.name = "Earth"
+object.earth.desc = """
+    The ancestral home world of humanity, Earth has a population twice that of any other inhabited planet.
+Sprawling cities cover large portions of its surface, many of them overcrowded and dangerous.
+Some people work to scrape together enough money to leave, while at the same time others, born
+on distant worlds, make a pilgrimage of sorts to see this planet that once cradled the entirety
+of the human species.
+<br><br>
+   Earth is also the capital of the Republic. Representative government becomes complicated when
+one planet has a greater population than a hundred planets elsewhere. As a result,
+settlements of less than a million are grouped together into planetary districts that
+elect a single representative between them - a source of much frustration in the frontier worlds.
+"""
+
 
 object.luna.sprite = "planet::luna"
 object.luna.position.center = "earth"

crates/content/src/part/system.rs

@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ pub(crate) mod syntax {
 		pub radius: Option<f32>,
 		pub angle: Option<f32>,
 		pub landable: Option<bool>,
+		pub name: Option<String>,
+		pub desc: Option<String>,
 	}
 
 	#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
@@ -122,6 +124,12 @@ pub struct SystemObject {
 
 	/// If true, ships may land on this object
 	pub landable: bool,
+
+	/// The display name of this object
+	pub name: String,
+
+	/// The description of this object
+	pub desc: String,
 }
 
 /// Helper function for resolve_position, never called on its own.
@@ -223,6 +231,19 @@ impl crate::Build for System {
 						body_index: 0,
 					},
 					landable: obj.landable.unwrap_or(false),
+					name: obj
+						.name
+						.as_ref()
+						.map(|x| x.clone())
+						.unwrap_or("".to_string()),
+
+					// TODO: better linebreaks, handle double spaces
+					// Tabs
+					desc: obj
+						.desc
+						.as_ref()
+						.map(|x| x.replace("\n", " ").replace("<br>", "\n"))
+						.unwrap_or("".to_string()),
 				});
 			}
 

crates/galactica/src/game.rs

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ impl<'a> Game {
 			ShipHandle { index: 0 },
 			FactionHandle { index: 0 },
 			ShipPersonality::Player,
-			Point2::new(0.0, 0.0),
+			Point2::new(0.0, 4000.0),
 		);
 
 		let s = self.state.systemsim.get_ship_mut(&player).unwrap();

crates/render/shaders/include/anchor.wgsl

@@ -28,6 +28,12 @@ fn anchor(
 	} else if anchor == 5u { // NE NE
 		trans += vec2(window_dim.x, window_dim.y) / 2.0;
 		trans += vec2(-dim.x, -dim.y) / 2.0;
+	} else if anchor == 6u { // C C
+		trans += vec2(0.0, 0.0) / 2.0;
+		trans += vec2(0.0, 0.0) / 2.0;
+	} else if anchor == 7u { // C NW
+		trans += vec2(0.0, 0.0) / 2.0;
+		trans += vec2(dim.x, -dim.y) / 2.0;
 	} else { // center / center as default, since it's the most visible variant.
 		trans += vec2(0.0, 0.0) / 2.0;
 		trans += vec2(0.0, 0.0) / 2.0;

crates/render/shaders/ui.wgsl

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ struct InstanceInput {
 	@location(5) size: f32,
 	@location(6) color_transform: vec4<f32>,
 	@location(7) sprite_index: u32,
+	@location(8) mask_index: vec2<u32>,
 };
 
 struct VertexInput {
@@ -18,7 +19,9 @@ struct VertexOutput {
 	@builtin(position) position: vec4<f32>,
 	@location(0) texture_coords: vec2<f32>,
 	@location(1) texture_index: u32,
-	@location(2) color_transform: vec4<f32>,
+	@location(2) mask_coords: vec2<f32>,
+	@location(3) mask_index: vec2<u32>,
+	@location(4) color_transform: vec4<f32>,
 }
 
 @group(0) @binding(0)
@@ -72,7 +75,7 @@ fn vertex_main(
 
 
 
-	// TODO: animate
+	// TODO: function to get texture from sprite
 	// Pick texture frame
 	let t = global_atlas[u32(animate(instance.sprite_index, global_data.current_time.x, 0.0))];
 	out.texture_index = u32(t.atlas_texture);
@@ -84,16 +87,55 @@ fn vertex_main(
 		out.texture_coords = vec2(out.texture_coords.x, out.texture_coords.y + t.height);
 	}
 
+	// Pick mask image if mask is enabled
+	// x coordinate of mask index is either 0 or 1, telling us whether or not to use a mask.
+	// y coordinate is mask sprite index
+	if instance.mask_index.x == 1u {
+		let ms = global_sprites[instance.mask_index.y].first_frame;
+		let m = global_atlas[ms];
+		out.mask_index = vec2(1u, u32(m.atlas_texture));
+		out.mask_coords = vec2(m.xpos, m.ypos);
+		if vertex.texture_coords.x == 1.0 {
+			out.mask_coords = vec2(out.mask_coords.x + m.width, out.mask_coords.y);
+		}
+		if vertex.texture_coords.y == 1.0 {
+			out.mask_coords = vec2(out.mask_coords.x, out.mask_coords.y + m.height);
+		}
+	} else {
+		out.mask_coords = vec2(0.0, 0.0);
+		out.mask_index = vec2(0u, 0u);
+	}
+
+
 	return out;
 }
 
 
 @fragment
 fn fragment_main(in: VertexOutput) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
-	return textureSampleLevel(
+
+	var mask: f32 = 1.0;
+	if in.mask_index.x == 1u {
+		mask = textureSampleLevel(
+			texture_array[in.mask_index.y],
+			sampler_array[0],
+			in.mask_coords,
+			0.0
+		).a;
+	}
+
+	var color: vec4<f32> = textureSampleLevel(
 		texture_array[in.texture_index],
 		sampler_array[0],
 		in.texture_coords,
 		0.0
 	).rgba * in.color_transform;
+
+	// Apply mask and discard fully transparent pixels
+	color = vec4(color.rgb, color.a *mask);
+	if color.a == 0.0 {
+		discard;
+	}
+
+	return color;
 }

crates/render/src/datastructs.rs

@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-use galactica_content::{Content, SystemHandle};
-use galactica_playeragent::PlayerAgent;
-use galactica_system::phys::{ParticleBuilder, PhysSim};
-use galactica_util::timing::Timing;
-use glyphon::{FontSystem, SwashCache, TextAtlas, TextRenderer};
-use nalgebra::Vector2;
-use std::rc::Rc;
-use wgpu::BufferAddress;
-use winit::window::Window;
-
-use crate::{globaluniform::GlobalUniform, vertexbuffer::VertexBuffer};
-
-/// Bundles parameters passed to a single call to GPUState::render
-pub struct RenderInput<'a> {
-	/// Camera position, in world units
-	pub camera_pos: Vector2<f32>,
-
-	/// Player ship data
-	pub player: &'a PlayerAgent,
-
-	/// The system we're currently in
-	pub current_system: SystemHandle,
-
-	/// Height of screen, in world units
-	pub camera_zoom: f32,
-
-	/// The world state to render
-	pub systemsim: &'a PhysSim,
-
-	// TODO: handle overflow. is it a problem?
-	/// The current time, in seconds
-	pub current_time: f32,
-
-	/// Game content
-	pub ct: &'a Content,
-
-	/// Particles to spawn during this frame
-	pub particles: &'a Vec<ParticleBuilder>,
-
-	/// Time we spent in each part of the game loop
-	pub timing: Timing,
-}
-
-/// Renderer state. A reference to this struct is often passed to helper functions.
-pub(crate) struct RenderState {
-	pub window: Window,
-	pub window_size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>,
-	pub window_aspect: f32,
-
-	pub queue: wgpu::Queue,
-	pub global_uniform: GlobalUniform,
-	pub vertex_buffers: VertexBuffers,
-
-	pub text_font_system: FontSystem,
-	pub text_cache: SwashCache,
-	pub text_atlas: TextAtlas,
-	pub text_renderer: TextRenderer,
-}
-
-/// Vertex buffers
-pub(crate) struct VertexBuffers {
-	// Keeps track of length of each buffer
-	// Most of these are reset on each frame.
-	//
-	// The exception is particle_counter, which
-	// is never reset, and loops back to zero once
-	// it exceeds buffer length
-	pub object_counter: BufferAddress,
-	pub ui_counter: BufferAddress,
-	pub particle_counter: BufferAddress,
-	pub radialbar_counter: BufferAddress,
-
-	pub object: Rc<VertexBuffer>,
-	pub starfield: Rc<VertexBuffer>,
-	pub ui: Rc<VertexBuffer>,
-	pub particle: Rc<VertexBuffer>,
-	pub radialbar: Rc<VertexBuffer>,
-}

crates/render/src/gpustate/mod.rs

@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@ use galactica_content::Content;
 use wgpu;
 use winit;
 
-use crate::{
-	datastructs::RenderState, starfield::Starfield, texturearray::TextureArray, ui::UiManager,
-};
+use crate::{starfield::Starfield, texturearray::TextureArray, ui::UiManager, RenderState};
 
 /// GPUState is very big, so its methods have been split
 /// among the following files.

crates/render/src/gpustate/new.rs

@@ -1,28 +1,11 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
 use galactica_content::Content;
-use galactica_util::constants::{
-	OBJECT_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT, PARTICLE_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT, UI_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT,
-};
 use glyphon::{FontSystem, SwashCache, TextAtlas, TextRenderer};
-use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use crate::{
-	datastructs::{RenderState, VertexBuffers},
-	globaluniform::GlobalUniform,
-	pipeline::PipelineBuilder,
-	shaderprocessor::preprocess_shader,
-	starfield::Starfield,
-	texturearray::TextureArray,
-	ui::UiManager,
-	vertexbuffer::{
-		consts::{SPRITE_INDICES, SPRITE_VERTICES},
-		types::{
-			ObjectInstance, ParticleInstance, RadialBarInstance, StarfieldInstance, TexturedVertex,
-			UiInstance,
-		},
-		VertexBuffer,
-	},
-	GPUState,
+	globaluniform::GlobalUniform, pipeline::PipelineBuilder, shaderprocessor::preprocess_shader,
+	starfield::Starfield, texturearray::TextureArray, ui::UiManager, GPUState, RenderState,
+	VertexBuffers,
 };
 
 impl GPUState {
@@ -90,52 +73,7 @@ impl GPUState {
 			surface.configure(&device, &config);
 		}
 
-		let vertex_buffers = VertexBuffers {
-			object_counter: 0,
-			ui_counter: 0,
-			particle_counter: 0,
-			radialbar_counter: 0,
-
-			object: Rc::new(VertexBuffer::new::<TexturedVertex, ObjectInstance>(
-				"object",
-				&device,
-				Some(SPRITE_VERTICES),
-				Some(SPRITE_INDICES),
-				OBJECT_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT,
-			)),
-
-			starfield: Rc::new(VertexBuffer::new::<TexturedVertex, StarfieldInstance>(
-				"starfield",
-				&device,
-				Some(SPRITE_VERTICES),
-				Some(SPRITE_INDICES),
-				ct.get_config().starfield_instance_limit,
-			)),
-
-			ui: Rc::new(VertexBuffer::new::<TexturedVertex, UiInstance>(
-				"ui",
-				&device,
-				Some(SPRITE_VERTICES),
-				Some(SPRITE_INDICES),
-				UI_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT,
-			)),
-
-			particle: Rc::new(VertexBuffer::new::<TexturedVertex, ParticleInstance>(
-				"particle",
-				&device,
-				Some(SPRITE_VERTICES),
-				Some(SPRITE_INDICES),
-				PARTICLE_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT,
-			)),
-
-			radialbar: Rc::new(VertexBuffer::new::<TexturedVertex, RadialBarInstance>(
-				"radial bar",
-				&device,
-				Some(SPRITE_VERTICES),
-				Some(SPRITE_INDICES),
-				10,
-			)),
-		};
+		let vertex_buffers = VertexBuffers::new(&device, ct);
 
 		// Load uniforms
 		let global_uniform = GlobalUniform::new(&device);
@@ -197,7 +135,7 @@ impl GPUState {
 			))
 			.set_format(config.format)
 			.set_triangle(true)
-			.set_vertex_buffer(&vertex_buffers.object)
+			.set_vertex_buffer(vertex_buffers.get_object())
 			.set_bind_group_layouts(bind_group_layouts)
 			.build();
 
@@ -213,7 +151,7 @@ impl GPUState {
 			))
 			.set_format(config.format)
 			.set_triangle(true)
-			.set_vertex_buffer(&vertex_buffers.starfield)
+			.set_vertex_buffer(vertex_buffers.get_starfield())
 			.set_bind_group_layouts(bind_group_layouts)
 			.build();
 
@@ -225,7 +163,7 @@ impl GPUState {
 			))
 			.set_format(config.format)
 			.set_triangle(true)
-			.set_vertex_buffer(&vertex_buffers.ui)
+			.set_vertex_buffer(vertex_buffers.get_ui())
 			.set_bind_group_layouts(bind_group_layouts)
 			.build();
 
@@ -241,7 +179,7 @@ impl GPUState {
 			))
 			.set_format(config.format)
 			.set_triangle(true)
-			.set_vertex_buffer(&vertex_buffers.particle)
+			.set_vertex_buffer(vertex_buffers.get_particle())
 			.set_bind_group_layouts(bind_group_layouts)
 			.build();
 
@@ -257,7 +195,7 @@ impl GPUState {
 			))
 			.set_format(config.format)
 			.set_triangle(true)
-			.set_vertex_buffer(&vertex_buffers.radialbar)
+			.set_vertex_buffer(vertex_buffers.get_radialbar())
 			.set_bind_group_layouts(bind_group_layouts)
 			.build();
 
@@ -281,7 +219,7 @@ impl GPUState {
 		};
 
 		return Ok(Self {
-			ui: UiManager::new(&mut state),
+			ui: UiManager::new(ct, &mut state),
 			device,
 			config,
 			surface,

crates/render/src/gpustate/phys.rs

@@ -2,13 +2,11 @@
 
 use bytemuck;
 use galactica_system::data::ShipState;
-use galactica_util::{constants::OBJECT_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT, to_radians};
+use galactica_util::to_radians;
 use nalgebra::{Point2, Point3};
 
 use crate::{
-	globaluniform::ObjectData,
-	vertexbuffer::{types::ObjectInstance, BufferObject},
-	GPUState, RenderInput,
+	globaluniform::ObjectData, vertexbuffer::types::ObjectInstance, GPUState, RenderInput,
 };
 
 impl GPUState {
@@ -68,7 +66,7 @@ impl GPUState {
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			let idx = self.state.vertex_buffers.object_counter;
+			let idx = self.state.get_object_counter();
 			// Write this object's location data
 			self.state.queue.write_buffer(
 				&self.state.global_uniform.object_buffer,
@@ -85,22 +83,11 @@ impl GPUState {
 				}]),
 			);
 
-			// Enforce buffer limit
-			if self.state.vertex_buffers.object_counter as u64 > OBJECT_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT {
-				// TODO: no panic, handle this better.
-				panic!("Sprite limit exceeded!")
-			}
-
 			// Push this object's instance
-			self.state.queue.write_buffer(
-				&self.state.vertex_buffers.object.instances,
-				ObjectInstance::SIZE * self.state.vertex_buffers.object_counter,
-				bytemuck::cast_slice(&[ObjectInstance {
-					sprite_index: ship_cnt.sprite.get_index(),
-					object_index: idx as u32,
-				}]),
-			);
-			self.state.vertex_buffers.object_counter += 1;
+			self.state.push_object_buffer(ObjectInstance {
+				sprite_index: ship_cnt.sprite.get_index(),
+				object_index: idx as u32,
+			});
 
 			let flare = ship.data.get_outfits().get_flare_sprite(state.ct);
 			if {
@@ -115,7 +102,7 @@ impl GPUState {
 				for engine_point in &ship_cnt.engines {
 					self.state.queue.write_buffer(
 						&self.state.global_uniform.object_buffer,
-						ObjectData::SIZE * self.state.vertex_buffers.object_counter as u64,
+						ObjectData::SIZE * self.state.get_object_counter() as u64,
 						bytemuck::cast_slice(&[ObjectData {
 							// Note that we adjust the y-coordinate for half-height,
 							// not the x-coordinate, even though our ships point east
@@ -135,23 +122,10 @@ impl GPUState {
 						}]),
 					);
 
-					// Enforce buffer limit
-					if self.state.vertex_buffers.object_counter as u64
-						> OBJECT_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT
-					{
-						// TODO: no panic, handle this better.
-						panic!("Sprite limit exceeded!")
-					}
-
-					self.state.queue.write_buffer(
-						&self.state.vertex_buffers.object.instances,
-						ObjectInstance::SIZE * self.state.vertex_buffers.object_counter,
-						bytemuck::cast_slice(&[ObjectInstance {
-							sprite_index: flare.unwrap().get_index(),
-							object_index: self.state.vertex_buffers.object_counter as u32,
-						}]),
-					);
-					self.state.vertex_buffers.object_counter += 1;
+					self.state.push_object_buffer(ObjectInstance {
+						sprite_index: flare.unwrap().get_index(),
+						object_index: self.state.get_object_counter() as u32,
+					});
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -191,7 +165,7 @@ impl GPUState {
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			let idx = self.state.vertex_buffers.object_counter;
+			let idx = self.state.get_object_counter();
 			// Write this object's location data
 			self.state.queue.write_buffer(
 				&self.state.global_uniform.object_buffer,
@@ -208,22 +182,11 @@ impl GPUState {
 				}]),
 			);
 
-			// Enforce buffer limit
-			if self.state.vertex_buffers.object_counter as u64 > OBJECT_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT {
-				// TODO: no panic, handle this better.
-				panic!("Sprite limit exceeded!")
-			}
-
 			// Push this object's instance
-			self.state.queue.write_buffer(
-				&self.state.vertex_buffers.object.instances,
-				ObjectInstance::SIZE * self.state.vertex_buffers.object_counter,
-				bytemuck::cast_slice(&[ObjectInstance {
-					sprite_index: proj_cnt.sprite.get_index(),
-					object_index: idx as u32,
-				}]),
-			);
-			self.state.vertex_buffers.object_counter += 1;
+			self.state.push_object_buffer(ObjectInstance {
+				sprite_index: proj_cnt.sprite.get_index(),
+				object_index: idx as u32,
+			});
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -255,7 +218,7 @@ impl GPUState {
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			let idx = self.state.vertex_buffers.object_counter;
+			let idx = self.state.get_object_counter();
 			// Write this object's location data
 			self.state.queue.write_buffer(
 				&self.state.global_uniform.object_buffer,
@@ -272,22 +235,11 @@ impl GPUState {
 				}]),
 			);
 
-			// Enforce buffer limit
-			if self.state.vertex_buffers.object_counter as u64 > OBJECT_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT {
-				// TODO: no panic, handle this better.
-				panic!("Sprite limit exceeded!")
-			}
-
 			// Push this object's instance
-			self.state.queue.write_buffer(
-				&self.state.vertex_buffers.object.instances,
-				ObjectInstance::SIZE * self.state.vertex_buffers.object_counter,
-				bytemuck::cast_slice(&[ObjectInstance {
-					sprite_index: o.sprite.get_index(),
-					object_index: idx as u32,
-				}]),
-			);
-			self.state.vertex_buffers.object_counter += 1;
+			self.state.push_object_buffer(ObjectInstance {
+				sprite_index: o.sprite.get_index(),
+				object_index: idx as u32,
+			});
 		}
 	}
 }

crates/render/src/gpustate/render.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use wgpu;
 
 use crate::{
 	globaluniform::GlobalDataContent,
-	vertexbuffer::{consts::SPRITE_INDICES, types::ParticleInstance, BufferObject},
+	vertexbuffer::{consts::SPRITE_INDICES, types::ParticleInstance},
 	RenderInput,
 };
 
@@ -45,11 +45,7 @@ impl super::GPUState {
 			timestamp_writes: None,
 		});
 
-		self.state.vertex_buffers.object_counter = 0;
-		self.state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter = 0;
-		self.state.vertex_buffers.radialbar_counter = 0;
-		// Don't reset particle counter, it's special
-
+		self.state.frame_reset();
 		let s = input.ct.get_starfield_handle();
 
 		// Update global values
@@ -81,25 +77,17 @@ impl super::GPUState {
 
 		// Write all new particles to GPU buffer
 		for i in input.particles.iter() {
-			self.state.queue.write_buffer(
-				&self.state.vertex_buffers.particle.instances,
-				ParticleInstance::SIZE * self.state.vertex_buffers.particle_counter,
-				bytemuck::cast_slice(&[ParticleInstance {
-					position: [i.pos.x, i.pos.y],
-					velocity: i.velocity.into(),
-					angle: i.angle,
-					angvel: i.angvel,
-					size: i.size,
-					sprite_index: i.sprite.get_index(),
-					created: input.current_time,
-					expires: input.current_time + i.lifetime,
-					fade: i.fade,
-				}]),
-			);
-			self.state.vertex_buffers.particle_counter += 1;
-			if self.state.vertex_buffers.particle_counter == PARTICLE_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT {
-				self.state.vertex_buffers.particle_counter = 0;
-			}
+			self.state.push_particle_buffer(ParticleInstance {
+				position: [i.pos.x, i.pos.y],
+				velocity: i.velocity.into(),
+				angle: i.angle,
+				angvel: i.angvel,
+				size: i.size,
+				sprite_index: i.sprite.get_index(),
+				created: input.current_time,
+				expires: input.current_time + i.lifetime,
+				fade: i.fade,
+			});
 		}
 
 		// Create sprite instances
@@ -109,10 +97,6 @@ impl super::GPUState {
 		let clip_ne = Point2::new(-self.state.window_aspect, 1.0) * input.camera_zoom;
 		let clip_sw = Point2::new(self.state.window_aspect, -1.0) * input.camera_zoom;
 
-		// TODO: sorting. We don't need to sort ships, but we do need to sort system objects by z-level
-		// (which we don't yet draw)
-		// that should probably be done in iter_system().
-
 		// Order matters, it determines what is drawn on top.
 		// The order inside ships and projectiles doesn't matter,
 		// but ships should always be under projectiles.
@@ -129,31 +113,31 @@ impl super::GPUState {
 		// Starfield pipeline
 		self.state
 			.vertex_buffers
-			.starfield
+			.get_starfield()
 			.set_in_pass(&mut render_pass);
 		render_pass.set_pipeline(&self.starfield_pipeline);
 		render_pass.draw_indexed(
 			0..SPRITE_INDICES.len() as u32,
 			0,
-			0..self.starfield.instance_count,
+			0..self.state.get_starfield_counter(),
 		);
 
 		// Sprite pipeline
 		self.state
 			.vertex_buffers
-			.object
+			.get_object()
 			.set_in_pass(&mut render_pass);
 		render_pass.set_pipeline(&self.object_pipeline);
 		render_pass.draw_indexed(
 			0..SPRITE_INDICES.len() as u32,
 			0,
-			0..self.state.vertex_buffers.object_counter as _,
+			0..self.state.get_object_counter(),
 		);
 
 		// Particle pipeline
 		self.state
 			.vertex_buffers
-			.particle
+			.get_particle()
 			.set_in_pass(&mut render_pass);
 		render_pass.set_pipeline(&self.particle_pipeline);
 		render_pass.draw_indexed(
@@ -163,27 +147,31 @@ impl super::GPUState {
 		);
 
 		// Ui pipeline
-		self.state.vertex_buffers.ui.set_in_pass(&mut render_pass);
+		self.state
+			.vertex_buffers
+			.get_ui()
+			.set_in_pass(&mut render_pass);
 		render_pass.set_pipeline(&self.ui_pipeline);
 		render_pass.draw_indexed(
 			0..SPRITE_INDICES.len() as u32,
 			0,
-			0..self.state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter as _,
+			0..self.state.get_ui_counter(),
 		);
 
 		// Radial progress bars
 		// TODO: do we need to do this every time?
 		self.state
 			.vertex_buffers
-			.radialbar
+			.get_radialbar()
 			.set_in_pass(&mut render_pass);
 		render_pass.set_pipeline(&self.radialbar_pipeline);
 		render_pass.draw_indexed(
 			0..SPRITE_INDICES.len() as u32,
 			0,
-			0..self.state.vertex_buffers.radialbar_counter as _,
+			0..self.state.get_radialbar_counter(),
 		);
 
+		let textareas = self.ui.get_textareas(&input, &self.state);
 		self.state
 			.text_renderer
 			.prepare(
@@ -195,7 +183,7 @@ impl super::GPUState {
 					width: self.state.window_size.width,
 					height: self.state.window_size.height,
 				},
-				self.ui.get_textareas(),
+				textareas,
 				&mut self.state.text_cache,
 			)
 			.unwrap();

crates/render/src/lib.rs

@@ -7,20 +7,24 @@
 //! and the only one external code should interact with.
 //! (Excluding data structs, like [`ObjectSprite`])
 
-mod anchoredposition;
-mod datastructs;
 mod globaluniform;
 mod gpustate;
 mod pipeline;
+mod positionanchor;
+mod renderinput;
+mod renderstate;
 mod shaderprocessor;
 mod starfield;
 mod texturearray;
 mod ui;
 mod vertexbuffer;
 
-pub use anchoredposition::PositionAnchor;
-pub use datastructs::RenderInput;
+use renderstate::*;
+
 pub use gpustate::GPUState;
+pub use positionanchor::PositionAnchor;
+pub use renderinput::RenderInput;
+
 use nalgebra::Matrix4;
 
 /// Shader entry points

crates/render/src/positionanchor.rs

@@ -28,6 +28,14 @@ pub enum PositionAnchor {
 	/// Position of this sprite's ne corner,
 	/// relative to the ne corner of the window.
 	NeNe,
+
+	/// Position of this sprite's center,
+	/// relative to the center of the window.
+	CC,
+
+	/// Position of this sprite's NW corner,
+	/// relative to the center of the window.
+	CNw,
 }
 
 // These offsets are implemented in wgsl shaders.
@@ -42,6 +50,8 @@ impl PositionAnchor {
 			Self::NwSw => 3,
 			Self::NwSe => 4,
 			Self::NeNe => 5,
+			Self::CC => 6,
+			Self::CNw => 7,
 		}
 	}
 }

crates/render/src/renderinput.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+use galactica_content::{Content, SystemHandle};
+use galactica_playeragent::PlayerAgent;
+use galactica_system::phys::{ParticleBuilder, PhysSim};
+use galactica_util::timing::Timing;
+use nalgebra::Vector2;
+
+/// Bundles parameters passed to a single call to GPUState::render
+pub struct RenderInput<'a> {
+	/// Camera position, in world units
+	pub camera_pos: Vector2<f32>,
+
+	/// Player ship data
+	pub player: &'a PlayerAgent,
+
+	/// The system we're currently in
+	pub current_system: SystemHandle,
+
+	/// Height of screen, in world units
+	pub camera_zoom: f32,
+
+	/// The world state to render
+	pub systemsim: &'a PhysSim,
+
+	// TODO: handle overflow. is it a problem?
+	/// The current time, in seconds
+	pub current_time: f32,
+
+	/// Game content
+	pub ct: &'a Content,
+
+	/// Particles to spawn during this frame
+	pub particles: &'a Vec<ParticleBuilder>,
+
+	/// Time we spent in each part of the game loop
+	pub timing: Timing,
+}

crates/render/src/renderstate.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+use galactica_content::Content;
+use galactica_util::constants::{
+	OBJECT_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT, PARTICLE_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT, RADIALBAR_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT,
+	UI_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT,
+};
+use glyphon::{FontSystem, SwashCache, TextAtlas, TextRenderer};
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use wgpu::BufferAddress;
+use winit::window::Window;
+
+use crate::{
+	globaluniform::GlobalUniform,
+	vertexbuffer::{
+		consts::{SPRITE_INDICES, SPRITE_VERTICES},
+		types::{
+			ObjectInstance, ParticleInstance, RadialBarInstance, StarfieldInstance, TexturedVertex,
+			UiInstance,
+		},
+		BufferObject, VertexBuffer,
+	},
+};
+
+/// Vertex buffers
+pub(crate) struct VertexBuffers {
+	// Keeps track of length of each buffer
+	// Most of these are reset on each frame.
+	//
+	// The exception is particle_counter, which
+	// is never reset, and loops back to zero once
+	// it exceeds buffer length
+	object_counter: BufferAddress,
+	ui_counter: BufferAddress,
+	particle_counter: BufferAddress,
+	radialbar_counter: BufferAddress,
+	starfield_counter: BufferAddress,
+	starfield_limit: BufferAddress,
+
+	object: Rc<VertexBuffer>,
+	starfield: Rc<VertexBuffer>,
+	ui: Rc<VertexBuffer>,
+	particle: Rc<VertexBuffer>,
+	radialbar: Rc<VertexBuffer>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> VertexBuffers {
+	pub fn new(device: &wgpu::Device, ct: &Content) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			object_counter: 0,
+			ui_counter: 0,
+			particle_counter: 0,
+			radialbar_counter: 0,
+			starfield_counter: 0,
+			starfield_limit: ct.get_config().starfield_instance_limit,
+
+			object: Rc::new(VertexBuffer::new::<TexturedVertex, ObjectInstance>(
+				"object",
+				&device,
+				Some(SPRITE_VERTICES),
+				Some(SPRITE_INDICES),
+				OBJECT_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT,
+			)),
+
+			starfield: Rc::new(VertexBuffer::new::<TexturedVertex, StarfieldInstance>(
+				"starfield",
+				&device,
+				Some(SPRITE_VERTICES),
+				Some(SPRITE_INDICES),
+				ct.get_config().starfield_instance_limit,
+			)),
+
+			ui: Rc::new(VertexBuffer::new::<TexturedVertex, UiInstance>(
+				"ui",
+				&device,
+				Some(SPRITE_VERTICES),
+				Some(SPRITE_INDICES),
+				UI_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT,
+			)),
+
+			particle: Rc::new(VertexBuffer::new::<TexturedVertex, ParticleInstance>(
+				"particle",
+				&device,
+				Some(SPRITE_VERTICES),
+				Some(SPRITE_INDICES),
+				PARTICLE_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT,
+			)),
+
+			radialbar: Rc::new(VertexBuffer::new::<TexturedVertex, RadialBarInstance>(
+				"radial bar",
+				&device,
+				Some(SPRITE_VERTICES),
+				Some(SPRITE_INDICES),
+				10,
+			)),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn get_ui(&'a self) -> &'a Rc<VertexBuffer> {
+		&self.ui
+	}
+
+	pub fn get_object(&'a self) -> &'a Rc<VertexBuffer> {
+		&self.object
+	}
+
+	pub fn get_particle(&'a self) -> &'a Rc<VertexBuffer> {
+		&self.particle
+	}
+
+	pub fn get_radialbar(&'a self) -> &'a Rc<VertexBuffer> {
+		&self.radialbar
+	}
+
+	pub fn get_starfield(&'a self) -> &'a Rc<VertexBuffer> {
+		&self.starfield
+	}
+}
+
+/// Renderer state. A reference to this struct is often passed to helper functions.
+pub(crate) struct RenderState {
+	pub window: Window,
+	pub window_size: winit::dpi::PhysicalSize<u32>,
+	pub window_aspect: f32,
+
+	pub queue: wgpu::Queue,
+	pub global_uniform: GlobalUniform,
+	pub vertex_buffers: VertexBuffers,
+
+	pub text_font_system: FontSystem,
+	pub text_cache: SwashCache,
+	pub text_atlas: TextAtlas,
+	pub text_renderer: TextRenderer,
+}
+
+impl RenderState {
+	/// Prepare this state for a new frame
+	pub fn frame_reset(&mut self) {
+		self.vertex_buffers.object_counter = 0;
+		self.vertex_buffers.ui_counter = 0;
+		self.vertex_buffers.radialbar_counter = 0
+	}
+
+	pub fn push_ui_buffer(&mut self, instance: UiInstance) {
+		// Enforce buffer limit
+		if self.vertex_buffers.ui_counter as u64 > UI_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT {
+			// TODO: no panic, handle this better.
+			panic!("UI limit exceeded!")
+		}
+
+		self.queue.write_buffer(
+			&self.vertex_buffers.ui.instances,
+			UiInstance::SIZE * self.vertex_buffers.ui_counter,
+			bytemuck::cast_slice(&[instance]),
+		);
+		self.vertex_buffers.ui_counter += 1;
+	}
+
+	pub fn get_ui_counter(&self) -> u32 {
+		self.vertex_buffers.ui_counter as u32
+	}
+
+	pub fn push_object_buffer(&mut self, instance: ObjectInstance) {
+		// Enforce buffer limit
+		if self.vertex_buffers.object_counter as u64 > OBJECT_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT {
+			// TODO: no panic, handle this better.
+			panic!("Object limit exceeded!")
+		}
+
+		self.queue.write_buffer(
+			&self.vertex_buffers.object.instances,
+			ObjectInstance::SIZE * self.vertex_buffers.object_counter,
+			bytemuck::cast_slice(&[instance]),
+		);
+		self.vertex_buffers.object_counter += 1;
+	}
+
+	pub fn get_object_counter(&self) -> u32 {
+		self.vertex_buffers.object_counter as u32
+	}
+
+	pub fn push_radialbar_buffer(&mut self, instance: RadialBarInstance) {
+		// Enforce buffer limit
+		if self.vertex_buffers.radialbar_counter as u64 > RADIALBAR_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT {
+			// TODO: no panic, handle this better.
+			panic!("Radialbar sprite limit exceeded!")
+		}
+
+		self.queue.write_buffer(
+			&self.vertex_buffers.radialbar.instances,
+			RadialBarInstance::SIZE * self.vertex_buffers.radialbar_counter,
+			bytemuck::cast_slice(&[instance]),
+		);
+		self.vertex_buffers.radialbar_counter += 1;
+	}
+
+	pub fn get_radialbar_counter(&self) -> u32 {
+		self.vertex_buffers.radialbar_counter as u32
+	}
+
+	pub fn reset_starfield_counter(&mut self) {
+		self.vertex_buffers.starfield_counter = 0;
+	}
+
+	pub fn push_starfield_buffer(&mut self, instance: StarfieldInstance) {
+		// Enforce buffer limit
+		// This should never happen, since starfield generator checks array size
+		if self.vertex_buffers.starfield_counter as u64 > self.vertex_buffers.starfield_limit {
+			panic!("Starfield sprite limit exceeded!")
+		}
+
+		self.queue.write_buffer(
+			&self.vertex_buffers.starfield.instances,
+			StarfieldInstance::SIZE * self.vertex_buffers.starfield_counter,
+			bytemuck::cast_slice(&[instance]),
+		);
+		self.vertex_buffers.starfield_counter += 1;
+	}
+
+	pub fn get_starfield_counter(&self) -> u32 {
+		self.vertex_buffers.starfield_counter as u32
+	}
+
+	pub fn push_particle_buffer(&mut self, instance: ParticleInstance) {
+		self.queue.write_buffer(
+			&self.vertex_buffers.particle.instances,
+			ParticleInstance::SIZE * self.vertex_buffers.particle_counter,
+			bytemuck::cast_slice(&[instance]),
+		);
+		self.vertex_buffers.particle_counter += 1;
+		if self.vertex_buffers.particle_counter == PARTICLE_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT {
+			self.vertex_buffers.particle_counter = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	//pub fn get_particle_counter(&self) -> u32 {
+	//	self.vertex_buffers.particle_counter as u32
+	//}
+}

crates/render/src/starfield.rs

@@ -2,10 +2,7 @@ use galactica_content::Content;
 use nalgebra::{Point2, Point3, Vector2, Vector3};
 use rand::{self, Rng};
 
-use crate::{
-	datastructs::RenderState,
-	vertexbuffer::{types::StarfieldInstance, BufferObject},
-};
+use crate::{vertexbuffer::types::StarfieldInstance, RenderState};
 
 pub(crate) struct StarfieldStar {
 	/// Star coordinates, in world space.
@@ -23,15 +20,11 @@ pub(crate) struct StarfieldStar {
 
 pub(crate) struct Starfield {
 	stars: Vec<StarfieldStar>,
-	pub instance_count: u32,
 }
 
 impl Starfield {
 	pub fn new() -> Self {
-		Self {
-			stars: Vec::new(),
-			instance_count: 0,
-		}
+		Self { stars: Vec::new() }
 	}
 
 	pub fn regenerate(&mut self, ct: &Content) {
@@ -97,24 +90,19 @@ impl Starfield {
 		}
 
 		// Add all tiles to buffer
-		self.instance_count = 0; // Keep track of buffer index
+		state.reset_starfield_counter();
 		for x in (-nw_tile.x)..=nw_tile.x {
 			for y in (-nw_tile.y)..=nw_tile.y {
 				let offset = Vector3::new(sz * x as f32, sz * y as f32, 0.0);
 				for s in &self.stars {
-					state.queue.write_buffer(
-						&state.vertex_buffers.starfield.instances,
-						StarfieldInstance::SIZE * self.instance_count as u64,
-						bytemuck::cast_slice(&[StarfieldInstance {
-							position: (s.pos + offset).into(),
-							size: s.size,
-							tint: s.tint.into(),
-						}]),
-					);
-					self.instance_count += 1;
-
-					// instance_count is guaranteed to stay within buffer limits,
+					// This shouldn't ever panic.
+					// instance count is guaranteed to stay within buffer limits,
 					// this is guaranteed by previous checks.
+					state.push_starfield_buffer(StarfieldInstance {
+						position: (s.pos + offset).into(),
+						size: s.size,
+						tint: s.tint.into(),
+					});
 				}
 			}
 		}

crates/render/src/ui/fpsindicator.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use glyphon::{Attrs, Buffer, Color, Family, Metrics, Shaping, TextArea, TextBounds};
 
-use crate::{datastructs::RenderState, RenderInput};
+use crate::{RenderInput, RenderState};
 
 pub(super) struct FpsIndicator {
 	buffer: Buffer,

crates/render/src/ui/manager.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,21 @@
+use galactica_content::Content;
+use galactica_system::{data::ShipState, phys::PhysSimShipHandle};
 use glyphon::TextArea;
 
-use super::{fpsindicator::FpsIndicator, radar::Radar, status::Status};
-use crate::{datastructs::RenderState, RenderInput};
+use super::{fpsindicator::FpsIndicator, planet::Planet, radar::Radar, status::Status};
+use crate::{RenderInput, RenderState};
 
 pub struct UiManager {
 	radar: Radar,
 	status: Status,
 	fps: FpsIndicator,
+	planet: Planet,
 }
 
 impl UiManager {
-	pub fn new(state: &mut RenderState) -> Self {
+	pub fn new(ct: &Content, state: &mut RenderState) -> Self {
 		Self {
+			planet: Planet::new(ct, state),
 			radar: Radar::new(),
 			status: Status::new(),
 			fps: FpsIndicator::new(state),
@@ -20,12 +24,48 @@ impl UiManager {
 
 	/// Draw all ui elements
 	pub fn draw(&mut self, input: &RenderInput, state: &mut RenderState) {
-		self.radar.draw(input, state);
-		self.status.draw(input, state);
+		let ship_handle = input.player.ship.unwrap();
+		let ship = input
+			.systemsim
+			.get_ship(&PhysSimShipHandle(ship_handle))
+			.unwrap();
+
 		self.fps.update(input, state);
+
+		match ship.data.get_state() {
+			ShipState::Collapsing
+			| ShipState::Dead
+			| ShipState::Flying { .. }
+			| ShipState::Landing { .. }
+			| ShipState::UnLanding { .. } => {
+				self.radar.draw(input, state);
+				self.status.draw(input, state);
+			}
+
+			ShipState::Landed { .. } => {
+				self.planet.draw(input, state);
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
-	pub fn get_textareas(&self) -> [TextArea; 1] {
-		[self.fps.get_textarea()]
+	pub fn get_textareas(&self, input: &RenderInput, state: &RenderState) -> Vec<TextArea> {
+		let mut v = Vec::with_capacity(5);
+
+		let ship_handle = input.player.ship.unwrap();
+		let ship = input
+			.systemsim
+			.get_ship(&PhysSimShipHandle(ship_handle))
+			.unwrap();
+		match ship.data.get_state() {
+			ShipState::Collapsing
+			| ShipState::Dead
+			| ShipState::Flying { .. }
+			| ShipState::Landing { .. }
+			| ShipState::UnLanding { .. } => v.push(self.fps.get_textarea()),
+
+			ShipState::Landed { .. } => v.extend(self.planet.get_textarea(input, state)),
+		};
+
+		return v;
 	}
 }

crates/render/src/ui/mod.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 mod fpsindicator;
 mod manager;
+mod planet;
 mod radar;
 mod status;
+mod util;
 
 pub use manager::UiManager;

crates/render/src/ui/planet.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+use galactica_content::{Content, SystemObject, SystemObjectHandle};
+use galactica_system::{data::ShipState, phys::PhysSimShipHandle};
+use galactica_util::to_radians;
+use glyphon::{cosmic_text::Align, Attrs, Color, Metrics, TextArea, Weight};
+use nalgebra::{Point2, Vector2};
+
+use super::util::{SpriteRect, UiImage, UiTextArea};
+use crate::{vertexbuffer::types::UiInstance, PositionAnchor, RenderInput, RenderState};
+
+pub(super) struct Planet {
+	// UI elements
+	planet_desc: UiTextArea,
+	planet_name: UiTextArea,
+	landscape: UiImage,
+
+	// Height of whole element,in logical pixels
+	size: f32,
+
+	/// What object we're displaying currently.
+	/// Whenever this changes, we need to reflow text.
+	current_object: Option<SystemObjectHandle>,
+}
+
+// TODO: no scroll
+// TODO: animate in/out
+
+impl Planet {
+	pub fn new(ct: &Content, state: &mut RenderState) -> Self {
+		let size = 800.0;
+		let s = Self {
+			// height of element in logical pixels
+			size,
+			current_object: None,
+
+			planet_desc: UiTextArea::new(
+				state,
+				ct.get_sprite_handle("ui::planet"),
+				Point2::new(0.0, 0.0),
+				size,
+				SpriteRect {
+					pos: Point2::new(25.831, 284.883) / 512.0,
+					dim: Vector2::new(433.140, 97.220) / 512.0,
+				},
+				Metrics::new(16.0, 18.0),
+				Color::rgb(255, 255, 255),
+				Align::Left,
+			),
+
+			planet_name: UiTextArea::new(
+				state,
+				ct.get_sprite_handle("ui::planet"),
+				Point2::new(0.0, 0.0),
+				size,
+				SpriteRect {
+					pos: Point2::new(165.506, 82.0) / 512.0,
+					dim: Vector2::new(74.883, 17.0) / 512.0,
+				},
+				Metrics::new(19.0, 19.0),
+				Color::rgb(255, 255, 255),
+				Align::Center,
+			),
+
+			landscape: UiImage::new(
+				ct.get_sprite_handle("ui::planet"),
+				Point2::new(0.0, 0.0),
+				size,
+				ct.get_sprite_handle("ui::landscape::test"),
+				ct.get_sprite_handle("ui::landscapemask"),
+				SpriteRect {
+					pos: Point2::new(32.031, 75.587) / 512.0,
+					dim: Vector2::new(342.811, 171.402) / 512.0,
+				},
+			),
+		};
+
+		return s;
+	}
+}
+
+impl Planet {
+	fn reflow(&mut self, planet: &SystemObject, state: &mut RenderState) {
+		self.planet_desc.set_text(
+			state,
+			&planet.desc,
+			Attrs::new()
+				.weight(Weight::NORMAL)
+				.family(glyphon::Family::SansSerif),
+		);
+
+		self.planet_name.set_text(
+			state,
+			&planet.name,
+			Attrs::new()
+				.weight(Weight::BOLD)
+				.family(glyphon::Family::Serif),
+		);
+		self.current_object = Some(planet.handle);
+	}
+
+	pub fn draw(&mut self, input: &RenderInput, state: &mut RenderState) {
+		// Get required data
+		let ship_handle = input.player.ship.unwrap();
+		let ship_data = input
+			.systemsim
+			.get_ship(&PhysSimShipHandle(ship_handle))
+			.unwrap();
+		let planet_handle = match ship_data.data.get_state() {
+			ShipState::Landed { target } => *target,
+			_ => unreachable!("tried to draw planet interface while not landed!"),
+		};
+		let planet = input.ct.get_system_object(planet_handle);
+
+		// Reconfigure for new planet if necessary
+		if self
+			.current_object
+			.map(|x| x != planet_handle)
+			.unwrap_or(true)
+		{
+			self.reflow(planet, state);
+		}
+
+		// Draw elements
+		self.landscape.push_to_buffer(state);
+		state.push_ui_buffer(UiInstance {
+			anchor: PositionAnchor::CC.to_int(),
+			position: [0.0, 0.0],
+			angle: to_radians(90.0),
+			size: self.size,
+			color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
+			sprite_index: input.ct.get_sprite_handle("ui::planet").get_index(),
+			mask_index: [0, 0],
+		});
+	}
+
+	pub fn get_textarea(&self, _input: &RenderInput, state: &RenderState) -> [TextArea; 2] {
+		[
+			self.planet_desc.get_textarea(state),
+			self.planet_name.get_textarea(state),
+		]
+	}
+}

crates/render/src/ui/radar.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
 use galactica_system::data::ShipState;
-use galactica_util::{clockwise_angle, constants::UI_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT, to_radians};
+use galactica_util::{clockwise_angle, to_radians};
 use nalgebra::{Point2, Rotation2, Vector2};
 
-use crate::{
-	datastructs::RenderState,
-	vertexbuffer::{types::UiInstance, BufferObject},
-	PositionAnchor, RenderInput,
-};
+use crate::{vertexbuffer::types::UiInstance, PositionAnchor, RenderInput, RenderState};
 
 pub(super) struct Radar {
 	last_player_position: Point2<f32>,
@@ -64,26 +60,16 @@ impl Radar {
 		let ship_sprite = input.ct.get_sprite_handle("ui::shipblip");
 		let arrow_sprite = input.ct.get_sprite_handle("ui::centerarrow");
 
-		// Enforce buffer limit
-		if state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter as u64 > UI_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT {
-			// TODO: no panic, handle this better.
-			panic!("UI limit exceeded!")
-		}
-
 		// Push this object's instance
-		state.queue.write_buffer(
-			&state.vertex_buffers.ui.instances,
-			UiInstance::SIZE * state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter,
-			bytemuck::cast_slice(&[UiInstance {
-				anchor: PositionAnchor::NwNw.to_int(),
-				position: [10.0, -10.0],
-				angle: 0.0,
-				size: radar_size,
-				color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
-				sprite_index: input.ct.get_sprite_handle("ui::radar").get_index(),
-			}]),
-		);
-		state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter += 1;
+		state.push_ui_buffer(UiInstance {
+			anchor: PositionAnchor::NwNw.to_int(),
+			position: [10.0, -10.0],
+			angle: 0.0,
+			size: radar_size,
+			color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
+			sprite_index: input.ct.get_sprite_handle("ui::radar").get_index(),
+			mask_index: [0, 0],
+		});
 
 		// Draw system objects
 		let system = input.ct.get_system(input.current_system);
@@ -101,29 +87,19 @@ impl Radar {
 					continue;
 				}
 
-				// Enforce buffer limit
-				if state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter as u64 > UI_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT {
-					// TODO: no panic, handle this better.
-					panic!("UI limit exceeded!")
-				}
-
 				// Push this object's instance
-				state.queue.write_buffer(
-					&state.vertex_buffers.ui.instances,
-					UiInstance::SIZE * state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter,
-					bytemuck::cast_slice(&[UiInstance {
-						anchor: PositionAnchor::NwC.to_int(),
-						position: (Point2::new(radar_size / 2.0 + 10.0, radar_size / -2.0 - 10.0)
-							+ (d * (radar_size / 2.0)))
-							.into(),
-						angle: o.angle,
-						size,
-						color: [0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0],
-						sprite_index: planet_sprite.get_index(),
-					}]),
-				);
-				state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter += 1;
-			}
+				state.push_ui_buffer(UiInstance {
+					anchor: PositionAnchor::NwC.to_int(),
+					position: (Point2::new(radar_size / 2.0 + 10.0, radar_size / -2.0 - 10.0)
+						+ (d * (radar_size / 2.0)))
+						.into(),
+					angle: o.angle,
+					size,
+					color: [0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0],
+					sprite_index: planet_sprite.get_index(),
+					mask_index: [0, 0],
+				})
+			};
 		}
 
 		// Draw ships
@@ -164,32 +140,19 @@ impl Radar {
 				if size < 2.0 {
 					continue;
 				}
-				let angle = r.rotation().angle();
 
 				let position = Point2::new(radar_size / 2.0 + 10.0, radar_size / -2.0 - 10.0)
 					+ (d * (radar_size / 2.0));
 
-				// Enforce buffer limit
-				// TODO: cleaner solution. don't do this everywhere.
-				if state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter as u64 > UI_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT {
-					// TODO: no panic, handle this better.
-					panic!("UI limit exceeded!")
-				}
-
-				// Push this object's instance
-				state.queue.write_buffer(
-					&state.vertex_buffers.ui.instances,
-					UiInstance::SIZE * state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter,
-					bytemuck::cast_slice(&[UiInstance {
-						anchor: PositionAnchor::NwC.to_int(),
-						position: position.into(),
-						angle: -angle, // TODO: consistent angles
-						size,
-						color,
-						sprite_index: ship_sprite.get_index(),
-					}]),
-				);
-				state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter += 1;
+				state.push_ui_buffer(UiInstance {
+					anchor: PositionAnchor::NwC.to_int(),
+					position: position.into(),
+					angle: r.rotation().angle(),
+					size,
+					color,
+					sprite_index: ship_sprite.get_index(),
+					mask_index: [0, 0],
+				});
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -205,83 +168,61 @@ impl Radar {
 			let sprite = input.ct.get_sprite_handle("ui::radarframe");
 			let size = 7.0f32.min((0.8 - m) * 70.0);
 
-			// Enforce buffer limit (this section adds four items)
-			if state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter as u64 + 4 > UI_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT {
-				// TODO: no panic, handle this better.
-				panic!("UI limit exceeded!")
-			}
+			state.push_ui_buffer(UiInstance {
+				anchor: PositionAnchor::NwNw.to_int(),
+				position: Point2::new(
+					(radar_size / 2.0 + 10.0) - d.x,
+					(radar_size / -2.0 - 10.0) + d.y,
+				)
+				.into(),
+				angle: to_radians(90.0),
+				size,
+				color,
+				sprite_index: sprite.get_index(),
+				mask_index: [0, 0],
+			});
 
-			state.queue.write_buffer(
-				&state.vertex_buffers.ui.instances,
-				UiInstance::SIZE * state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter,
-				bytemuck::cast_slice(&[UiInstance {
-					anchor: PositionAnchor::NwNw.to_int(),
-					position: Point2::new(
-						(radar_size / 2.0 + 10.0) - d.x,
-						(radar_size / -2.0 - 10.0) + d.y,
-					)
-					.into(),
-					angle: to_radians(90.0),
-					size,
-					color,
-					sprite_index: sprite.get_index(),
-				}]),
-			);
-			state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter += 1;
+			state.push_ui_buffer(UiInstance {
+				anchor: PositionAnchor::NwSw.to_int(),
+				position: Point2::new(
+					(radar_size / 2.0 + 10.0) - d.x,
+					(radar_size / -2.0 - 10.0) - d.y,
+				)
+				.into(),
+				angle: to_radians(180.0),
+				size,
+				color,
+				sprite_index: sprite.get_index(),
+				mask_index: [0, 0],
+			});
 
-			state.queue.write_buffer(
-				&state.vertex_buffers.ui.instances,
-				UiInstance::SIZE * state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter,
-				bytemuck::cast_slice(&[UiInstance {
-					anchor: PositionAnchor::NwSw.to_int(),
-					position: Point2::new(
-						(radar_size / 2.0 + 10.0) - d.x,
-						(radar_size / -2.0 - 10.0) - d.y,
-					)
-					.into(),
-					angle: to_radians(180.0),
-					size,
-					color,
-					sprite_index: sprite.get_index(),
-				}]),
-			);
-			state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter += 1;
+			state.push_ui_buffer(UiInstance {
+				anchor: PositionAnchor::NwSe.to_int(),
+				position: Point2::new(
+					(radar_size / 2.0 + 10.0) + d.x,
+					(radar_size / -2.0 - 10.0) - d.y,
+				)
+				.into(),
+				angle: to_radians(270.0),
+				size,
+				color,
+				sprite_index: sprite.get_index(),
+				mask_index: [0, 0],
+			});
 
-			state.queue.write_buffer(
-				&state.vertex_buffers.ui.instances,
-				UiInstance::SIZE * state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter,
-				bytemuck::cast_slice(&[UiInstance {
-					anchor: PositionAnchor::NwSe.to_int(),
-					position: Point2::new(
-						(radar_size / 2.0 + 10.0) + d.x,
-						(radar_size / -2.0 - 10.0) - d.y,
-					)
-					.into(),
-					angle: to_radians(270.0),
-					size,
-					color,
-					sprite_index: sprite.get_index(),
-				}]),
-			);
-			state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter += 1;
-
-			state.queue.write_buffer(
-				&state.vertex_buffers.ui.instances,
-				UiInstance::SIZE * state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter,
-				bytemuck::cast_slice(&[UiInstance {
-					anchor: PositionAnchor::NwNe.to_int(),
-					position: Point2::new(
-						(radar_size / 2.0 + 10.0) + d.x,
-						(radar_size / -2.0 - 10.0) + d.y,
-					)
-					.into(),
-					angle: to_radians(0.0),
-					size,
-					color,
-					sprite_index: sprite.get_index(),
-				}]),
-			);
-			state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter += 1;
+			state.push_ui_buffer(UiInstance {
+				anchor: PositionAnchor::NwNe.to_int(),
+				position: Point2::new(
+					(radar_size / 2.0 + 10.0) + d.x,
+					(radar_size / -2.0 - 10.0) + d.y,
+				)
+				.into(),
+				angle: to_radians(0.0),
+				size,
+				color,
+				sprite_index: sprite.get_index(),
+				mask_index: [0, 0],
+			});
 		}
 
 		// Arrow to center of system
@@ -292,24 +233,15 @@ impl Radar {
 			let position = Point2::new(10.0 + (radar_size / 2.0), -10.0 - (radar_size / 2.0))
 				+ Rotation2::new(angle) * Vector2::new(0.915 * (radar_size / 2.0), 0.0);
 
-			if state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter as u64 > UI_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT {
-				// TODO: no panic, handle this better.
-				panic!("UI limit exceeded!")
-			}
-
-			state.queue.write_buffer(
-				&state.vertex_buffers.ui.instances,
-				UiInstance::SIZE * state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter,
-				bytemuck::cast_slice(&[UiInstance {
-					anchor: PositionAnchor::NwC.to_int(),
-					position: position.into(),
-					angle,
-					size: 10.0,
-					color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1f32.min((m - 200.0) / 400.0)],
-					sprite_index: arrow_sprite.get_index(),
-				}]),
-			);
-			state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter += 1;
+			state.push_ui_buffer(UiInstance {
+				anchor: PositionAnchor::NwC.to_int(),
+				position: position.into(),
+				angle,
+				size: 10.0,
+				color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1f32.min((m - 200.0) / 400.0)],
+				sprite_index: arrow_sprite.get_index(),
+				mask_index: [0, 0],
+			});
 		}
 	}
 }

crates/render/src/ui/status.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,9 @@
 use galactica_system::data::ShipState;
-use galactica_util::constants::{RADIALBAR_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT, UI_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT};
 use std::f32::consts::TAU;
 
 use crate::{
-	datastructs::RenderState,
-	vertexbuffer::{
-		types::{RadialBarInstance, UiInstance},
-		BufferObject,
-	},
-	PositionAnchor, RenderInput,
+	vertexbuffer::types::{RadialBarInstance, UiInstance},
+	PositionAnchor, RenderInput, RenderState,
 };
 
 pub(super) struct Status {}
@@ -20,11 +15,6 @@ impl Status {
 
 impl Status {
 	pub fn draw(&mut self, input: &RenderInput, state: &mut RenderState) {
-		if state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter as u64 > UI_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT {
-			// TODO: no panic, handle this better.
-			panic!("UI limit exceeded!")
-		}
-
 		let max_shields;
 		let current_shields;
 		let current_hull;
@@ -55,52 +45,32 @@ impl Status {
 			}
 		}
 
-		state.queue.write_buffer(
-			&state.vertex_buffers.ui.instances,
-			UiInstance::SIZE * state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter,
-			bytemuck::cast_slice(&[UiInstance {
-				anchor: PositionAnchor::NeNe.to_int(),
-				position: [-10.0, -10.0],
-				angle: 0.0,
-				size: 200.0,
-				color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
-				sprite_index: input.ct.get_sprite_handle("ui::status").get_index(),
-			}]),
-		);
-		state.vertex_buffers.ui_counter += 1;
+		state.push_ui_buffer(UiInstance {
+			anchor: PositionAnchor::NeNe.to_int(),
+			position: [-10.0, -10.0],
+			angle: 0.0,
+			size: 200.0,
+			color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
+			sprite_index: input.ct.get_sprite_handle("ui::status").get_index(),
+			mask_index: [0, 0],
+		});
 
-		// We add two items here, so +2
-		if state.vertex_buffers.radialbar_counter as u64 + 2 > RADIALBAR_SPRITE_INSTANCE_LIMIT {
-			// TODO: no panic, handle this better.
-			panic!("Radialbar limit exceeded!")
-		}
+		state.push_radialbar_buffer(RadialBarInstance {
+			position: [-19.0, -19.0],
+			anchor: PositionAnchor::NeNe.to_int(),
+			diameter: 182.0,
+			stroke: 5.0,
+			color: [0.3, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0],
+			angle: (current_shields / max_shields) * TAU,
+		});
 
-		state.queue.write_buffer(
-			&state.vertex_buffers.radialbar.instances,
-			RadialBarInstance::SIZE * state.vertex_buffers.radialbar_counter,
-			bytemuck::cast_slice(&[RadialBarInstance {
-				position: [-19.0, -19.0],
-				anchor: PositionAnchor::NeNe.to_int(),
-				diameter: 182.0,
-				stroke: 5.0,
-				color: [0.3, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0],
-				angle: (current_shields / max_shields) * TAU,
-			}]),
-		);
-		state.vertex_buffers.radialbar_counter += 1;
-
-		state.queue.write_buffer(
-			&state.vertex_buffers.radialbar.instances,
-			RadialBarInstance::SIZE * state.vertex_buffers.radialbar_counter,
-			bytemuck::cast_slice(&[RadialBarInstance {
-				position: [-27.0, -27.0],
-				anchor: PositionAnchor::NeNe.to_int(),
-				diameter: 166.0,
-				stroke: 5.0,
-				color: [0.8, 0.7, 0.5, 1.0],
-				angle: (current_hull / max_hull) * TAU,
-			}]),
-		);
-		state.vertex_buffers.radialbar_counter += 1;
+		state.push_radialbar_buffer(RadialBarInstance {
+			position: [-27.0, -27.0],
+			anchor: PositionAnchor::NeNe.to_int(),
+			diameter: 166.0,
+			stroke: 5.0,
+			color: [0.8, 0.7, 0.5, 1.0],
+			angle: (current_hull / max_hull) * TAU,
+		});
 	}
 }

crates/render/src/ui/util/image.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+use galactica_content::SpriteHandle;
+use galactica_util::to_radians;
+use nalgebra::{Point2, Vector2};
+
+use super::SpriteRect;
+use crate::{vertexbuffer::types::UiInstance, PositionAnchor, RenderState};
+
+pub struct UiImage {
+	parent: SpriteHandle,
+	parent_position: Point2<f32>,
+	parent_size: f32,
+
+	inner: SpriteHandle,
+	mask: SpriteHandle,
+	rect: SpriteRect,
+}
+
+impl UiImage {
+	pub fn new(
+		parent: SpriteHandle,
+		parent_position: Point2<f32>,
+		parent_size: f32,
+		inner: SpriteHandle,
+		mask: SpriteHandle,
+		rect: SpriteRect,
+	) -> Self {
+		return Self {
+			parent,
+			parent_position,
+			parent_size,
+			inner,
+			mask,
+			rect,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/// Add this image to the gpu sprite buffer
+	pub fn push_to_buffer(&self, state: &mut RenderState) {
+		let h = self.parent_size;
+		let w = self.parent.aspect * h;
+
+		let zero = Point2::new(
+			self.parent_position.x - (w / 2.0),
+			self.parent_position.y + (h / 2.0),
+		);
+
+		let pos = zero + Vector2::new(self.rect.pos.x * w, -self.rect.pos.y * h);
+		let dim = Vector2::new(self.rect.dim.x * w, self.rect.dim.y * h);
+
+		state.push_ui_buffer(UiInstance {
+			anchor: PositionAnchor::CNw.to_int(),
+			position: pos.into(),
+			angle: to_radians(90.0),
+			size: dim.y,
+			color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
+			sprite_index: self.inner.get_index(),
+			mask_index: [1, self.mask.get_index()],
+		});
+	}
+}

crates/render/src/ui/util/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+mod image;
+mod textarea;
+
+pub(super) use image::UiImage;
+pub(super) use textarea::UiTextArea;
+
+use nalgebra::{Point2, Vector2};
+
+/// Represents a rectangular region inside a sprite.
+pub(crate) struct SpriteRect {
+	/// The position of the top-left corner of this rectangle, in fractional units.
+	/// (0.0 is left edge of sprite, 1.0 is right edge)
+	pub pos: Point2<f32>,
+
+	/// The width and height of this rectangle, in fractional units.
+	/// 1.0 will be as tall as the sprite, 0.5 will be half as tall
+	pub dim: Vector2<f32>,
+}

crates/render/src/ui/util/textarea.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+use galactica_content::SpriteHandle;
+use glyphon::{cosmic_text::Align, Attrs, Buffer, Color, Metrics, Shaping, TextArea, TextBounds};
+use nalgebra::{Point2, Vector2};
+
+use super::SpriteRect;
+use crate::RenderState;
+
+/// Represents a text area inside a sprite.
+pub(crate) struct UiTextArea {
+	/// Parent sprite
+	sprite: SpriteHandle,
+
+	/// Position of parent sprite's center, in logical pixels,
+	/// with 0, 0 at the center of the screen
+	sprite_position: Point2<f32>,
+
+	/// Height of parent sprite, in logical pixels
+	sprite_size: f32,
+
+	/// Bounds of text area
+	rect: SpriteRect,
+
+	/// Text buffer
+	buffer: Buffer,
+
+	/// Text color
+	color: Color,
+
+	/// Text alignment
+	align: Align,
+}
+
+impl UiTextArea {
+	pub fn new(
+		state: &mut RenderState,
+		sprite: SpriteHandle,
+		sprite_position: Point2<f32>,
+		sprite_size: f32,
+		rect: SpriteRect,
+		text_metrics: Metrics,
+		color: Color,
+		align: Align,
+	) -> Self {
+		let mut s = Self {
+			buffer: Buffer::new(&mut state.text_font_system, text_metrics),
+			sprite_size: f32::NAN,
+			sprite,
+			sprite_position,
+			rect,
+			align,
+			color,
+		};
+		s.set_size(state, sprite_size);
+		return s;
+	}
+
+	pub fn set_size(&mut self, state: &mut RenderState, sprite_size: f32) {
+		self.sprite_size = sprite_size;
+		self.buffer.set_size(
+			&mut state.text_font_system,
+			(self.rect.dim.x * self.sprite_size) * state.window.scale_factor() as f32,
+			(self.rect.dim.y * self.sprite_size * self.sprite.aspect)
+				* state.window.scale_factor() as f32,
+		);
+	}
+
+	pub fn set_text(&mut self, state: &mut RenderState, text: &str, attrs: Attrs) {
+		self.buffer
+			.set_text(&mut state.text_font_system, text, attrs, Shaping::Advanced);
+
+		for l in &mut self.buffer.lines {
+			l.set_align(Some(self.align));
+		}
+		self.buffer.shape_until_scroll(&mut state.text_font_system);
+	}
+
+	pub fn get_textarea(&self, state: &RenderState) -> TextArea {
+		let h = self.sprite_size;
+		let w = self.sprite.aspect * h;
+
+		// Glypon works with physical pixels, so we must convert
+		let fac = state.window.scale_factor() as f32;
+
+		// All the units below are in logical pixels
+		let zero = Vector2::new(
+			(state.window_size.width as f32 / (2.0 * fac)) - (w / 2.0) + self.sprite_position.x,
+			(state.window_size.height as f32 / (2.0 * fac)) - (h / 2.0) - self.sprite_position.y,
+		);
+		let corner_ne = zero + Vector2::new(self.rect.pos.x * w, self.rect.pos.y * h);
+		let corner_sw = corner_ne + Vector2::new(self.rect.dim.x * w, self.rect.dim.y * h);
+
+		TextArea {
+			buffer: &self.buffer,
+			top: corner_ne.y * fac,
+			left: corner_ne.x * fac,
+			scale: 1.0,
+			bounds: TextBounds {
+				top: (corner_ne.y * fac) as i32,
+				bottom: (corner_sw.y * fac) as i32,
+				left: (corner_ne.x * fac) as i32,
+				right: (corner_sw.x * fac) as i32,
+			},
+			default_color: self.color,
+		}
+	}
+}

crates/render/src/vertexbuffer/types.rs

@@ -140,6 +140,11 @@ pub struct UiInstance {
 
 	/// What texture to use for this sprite
 	pub sprite_index: u32,
+
+	/// What mask to use for this sprite
+	/// If the first element is not 1, no mask is used.
+	/// Second element is sprite index of mask.
+	pub mask_index: [u32; 2],
 }
 
 impl BufferObject for UiInstance {
@@ -187,6 +192,12 @@ impl BufferObject for UiInstance {
 					shader_location: 7,
 					format: wgpu::VertexFormat::Uint32,
 				},
+				// Mask
+				wgpu::VertexAttribute {
+					offset: mem::size_of::<[f32; 10]>() as wgpu::BufferAddress,
+					shader_location: 8,
+					format: wgpu::VertexFormat::Uint32x2,
+				},
 			],
 		}
 	}