brutus tweaks

Cargo.lock

@@ -120,6 +120,31 @@ version = "1.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "acbf1af155f9b9ef647e42cdc158db4b64a1b61f743629225fde6f3e0be2a7c7"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "crossbeam-deque"
+version = "0.8.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "613f8cc01fe9cf1a3eb3d7f488fd2fa8388403e97039e2f73692932e291a770d"
+dependencies = [
+ "crossbeam-epoch",
+ "crossbeam-utils",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "crossbeam-epoch"
+version = "0.9.18"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5b82ac4a3c2ca9c3460964f020e1402edd5753411d7737aa39c3714ad1b5420e"
+dependencies = [
+ "crossbeam-utils",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "crossbeam-utils"
+version = "0.8.19"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "248e3bacc7dc6baa3b21e405ee045c3047101a49145e7e9eca583ab4c2ca5345"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "either"
 version = "1.10.0"
@@ -170,22 +195,23 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "numtoa"
+name = "minimax"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b8f8bdf33df195859076e54ab11ee78a1b208382d3a26ec40d142ffc1ecc49ef"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "ops"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "clap",
  "itertools",
  "rand",
+ "rayon",
  "termion",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "numtoa"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b8f8bdf33df195859076e54ab11ee78a1b208382d3a26ec40d142ffc1ecc49ef"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ppv-lite86"
 version = "0.2.17"
@@ -240,6 +266,26 @@ dependencies = [
  "getrandom",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rayon"
+version = "1.9.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e4963ed1bc86e4f3ee217022bd855b297cef07fb9eac5dfa1f788b220b49b3bd"
+dependencies = [
+ "either",
+ "rayon-core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rayon-core"
+version = "1.12.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1465873a3dfdaa8ae7cb14b4383657caab0b3e8a0aa9ae8e04b044854c8dfce2"
+dependencies = [
+ "crossbeam-deque",
+ "crossbeam-utils",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_syscall"
 version = "0.4.1"

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [package]
-name = "ops"
+name = "minimax"
 version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2021"
 
@@ -8,4 +8,5 @@ anyhow = "1.0.80"
 clap = { version = "4.5.1", features = ["derive"] }
 itertools = "0.12.1"
 rand = "0.8.5"
+rayon = "1.9.0"
 termion = "3.0.0"

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Minimax
+
+
+## Rules
+
+This game is played in two rounds, starting with an empty eleven-space board. Red always goes first.
+
+On Red's board (i.e, duing the first round), Red's job is to maximize the value of the expression; Blue's job is to minimize it.
+Players take turns placing the fourteen symbols `0123456789+-×÷` on the board, with the maximizing player taking the first move.
+
+A board's syntax must always be valid. Namely, the following rules are enforced:
+ - Each symbol may only be used once
+ - The binary operators `+-×÷` may not be next to one another, and may not be at the end slots.
+ - The unary operator `-` (negative) must have a number as an argument. Therefore, it cannot be left of an operator (like `-×`), and it may not be in the rightmost slot.
+ - `0` may not follow `÷`. This prevents most cases of zero-division, but isn't perfect. `÷-0` will break the game, and `÷0_+` is forbidden despite being valid syntax once the empty slot is filled (for example, with `÷03+`). This is done to simplyify game logic, and might be improved later.
+
+
+## Building & Running
+
+As always, run this project with `cargo run`. The app takes one argument by default: the name of the blue player. This can be any of the following:
+ - `human`: Play against a human
+ - `random`: Play against a random agent (very easy)
+ - `chase`: Play against a simple extremum-chasing agent (easy)
+ - `diffuse`: Play against a slightly more intellegent extremum chaser (medium)
+ - `brutus`: Play against a simple brute-force agent (hard)
+
+For example, `cargo run -- random` will start a game against a random player. Use your arrow keys and space bar to play.
+
+Additional options are available, see `cargo run -- --help`.
+
+Win rates against random are as follows:
+ - `human`: ~100%
+ - `random`: ~50%
+ - `chase`: ~70%
+ - `diffuse`: ~76%
+ - `brutus`: ~90%

src/agents/brutus.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+use std::{cmp::Ordering, iter};
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use rand::{seq::SliceRandom, thread_rng};
+use rayon::iter::{ParallelBridge, ParallelIterator};
+
+use super::{Agent, Chase, MaximizerAgent, MinimizerAgent};
+use crate::{
+	agents::{util::best_board_noop, Diffuse},
+	board::{Board, PlayerAction},
+	util::{Player, Symb},
+};
+
+pub struct Brutus {
+	player: Player,
+}
+
+impl Brutus {
+	pub fn new(player: Player) -> Self {
+		Self { player }
+	}
+
+	fn step(&mut self, board: &Board, minimize: bool) -> Result<PlayerAction> {
+		let symbols = [Symb::Minus, Symb::Times, Symb::Plus, Symb::Div]
+			.into_iter()
+			.filter(|x| !board.contains(*x))
+			.collect_vec();
+
+		if symbols.is_empty() {
+			return if minimize {
+				Chase::new(self.player).step_min(board)
+			} else {
+				Chase::new(self.player).step_max(board)
+			};
+		}
+
+		// Number of free slots
+		let n_free = board.get_board().iter().filter(|x| x.is_none()).count();
+
+		// Number of slots we need to fill with numbers
+		// Add one if we have two or fewer symbols available, so that we can
+		// account for one unused symbol while keeping a reasonable runtime
+		let n_fill = n_free - symbols.len() + if symbols.len() <= 2 { 1 } else { 0 };
+
+		let mut items = iter::repeat(None)
+			.take(n_fill)
+			.chain(symbols.iter().map(|x| Some(x.clone())))
+			.permutations(n_free)
+			.unique()
+			.par_bridge()
+			.filter_map(move |x| {
+				let mut tmp_board = board.clone();
+
+				for (i, s) in x.iter().enumerate() {
+					if let Some(s) = s {
+						let pos = board.ith_empty_slot(i).unwrap();
+						if !tmp_board.can_play(&PlayerAction { symb: *s, pos }) {
+							return None;
+						}
+						tmp_board.get_board_mut()[pos] = Some(*s);
+					}
+				}
+
+				let min = best_board_noop(&tmp_board, true);
+				let max = best_board_noop(&tmp_board, false);
+				if min.is_none() || max.is_none() {
+					return None;
+				}
+
+				let v_min = min.unwrap().evaluate().unwrap();
+				let v_max = max.unwrap().evaluate().unwrap();
+				let v = v_min + v_max / 2.0;
+
+				Some((tmp_board, v))
+			})
+			.collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+		if minimize {
+			// Sort from smallest to biggest midpoint
+			items.sort_by(|a, b| a.1.partial_cmp(&b.1).unwrap_or(Ordering::Equal));
+		} else {
+			items.sort_by(|a, b| b.1.partial_cmp(&a.1).unwrap_or(Ordering::Equal));
+		}
+
+		// TODO: why can `items` be empty?
+		// We shouldn't need this escape hatch
+		if items.is_empty() {
+			return if minimize {
+				Diffuse::new(self.player).step_min(board)
+			} else {
+				Diffuse::new(self.player).step_max(board)
+			};
+		}
+
+		let (t, _) = items.first().unwrap();
+
+		let mut symbols = symbols.clone();
+		symbols.shuffle(&mut thread_rng());
+
+		// Place a random unused symbol
+		for target_s in symbols {
+			for (i, s) in t.get_board().iter().enumerate() {
+				if let Some(s) = s {
+					if board.get_board()[i].is_none() && target_s == *s {
+						return Ok(PlayerAction { pos: i, symb: *s });
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Final escape hatch, if we didn't decide to place any symbols
+		// (which is possible, since we add one to free_spots above!)
+		if minimize {
+			Chase::new(self.player).step_min(board)
+		} else {
+			Chase::new(self.player).step_max(board)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl Agent for Brutus {
+	fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+		"Brutus"
+	}
+
+	fn player(&self) -> Player {
+		self.player
+	}
+}
+
+impl MinimizerAgent for Brutus {
+	fn step_min(&mut self, board: &Board) -> Result<PlayerAction> {
+		self.step(board, true)
+	}
+}
+
+impl MaximizerAgent for Brutus {
+	fn step_max(&mut self, board: &Board) -> Result<PlayerAction> {
+		self.step(board, false)
+	}
+}

src/agents/chase.rs

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ use crate::{
 	util::{Player, Symb},
 };
 
-pub struct SimpleMinimax {
+pub struct Chase {
 	player: Player,
 }
 
-impl SimpleMinimax {
+impl Chase {
 	pub fn new(player: Player) -> Self {
 		Self { player }
 	}
@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ impl SimpleMinimax {
 			return Random::new(self.player).step_min(board);
 		}
 
-		let t = free_slots_by_influence(&board);
+		let t = free_slots_by_influence(board);
 		if t.is_none() {
 			bail!("could not compute next move!")
 		}
 		let t = t.unwrap();
 
-		if t.len() == 0 {
+		if t.is_empty() {
 			return Random::new(self.player).step_min(board);
 		}
 
@@ -63,12 +63,10 @@ impl SimpleMinimax {
 					} else {
 						available_numbers[available_numbers.len() - 1 - offset]
 					}
+				} else if val <= 0.0 {
+					available_numbers[offset]
 				} else {
-					if val <= 0.0 {
+					available_numbers[available_numbers.len() - 1 - offset]
-						available_numbers[offset]
-					} else {
-						available_numbers[available_numbers.len() - 1 - offset]
-					}
 				}
 			});
 			offset += 1;
@@ -81,9 +79,9 @@ impl SimpleMinimax {
 	}
 }
 
-impl Agent for SimpleMinimax {
+impl Agent for Chase {
 	fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
-		"Minimax"
+		"Chase"
 	}
 
 	fn player(&self) -> Player {
@@ -91,13 +89,13 @@ impl Agent for SimpleMinimax {
 	}
 }
 
-impl MinimizerAgent for SimpleMinimax {
+impl MinimizerAgent for Chase {
 	fn step_min(&mut self, board: &Board) -> Result<PlayerAction> {
 		self.step(board, true)
 	}
 }
 
-impl MaximizerAgent for SimpleMinimax {
+impl MaximizerAgent for Chase {
 	fn step_max(&mut self, board: &Board) -> Result<PlayerAction> {
 		self.step(board, false)
 	}

src/agents/diffuse.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
+use rand::{seq::SliceRandom, thread_rng};
 
-use super::{Agent, MaximizerAgent, MinimizerAgent, Random, SimpleMinimax};
+use super::{Agent, Chase, MaximizerAgent, MinimizerAgent, Random};
 use crate::{
 	board::{Board, PlayerAction},
 	util::{Player, Symb},
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ use crate::{
 /// A simple "operator diffusion" MINIMIZER agent.
 ///
 /// Tries to keep operators as far apart as possible, denying large numbers.
+/// Places numbers using the same algorithm as chase.
 pub struct Diffuse {
 	player: Player,
 }
@@ -86,30 +88,30 @@ impl Agent for Diffuse {
 
 impl MinimizerAgent for Diffuse {
 	fn step_min(&mut self, board: &Board) -> Result<PlayerAction> {
-		let symb = [Symb::Minus, Symb::Times, Symb::Plus, Symb::Div]
+		let mut x = [Symb::Minus, Symb::Times, Symb::Plus, Symb::Div];
-			.iter()
+		x.shuffle(&mut thread_rng());
-			.find(|x| !board.contains(**x));
+		let symb = x.iter().find(|x| !board.contains(**x));
 
 		if let Some(symb) = symb {
 			Ok(self.step_symb(board, *symb))
 		} else {
 			// No symbols available, play a random number
-			SimpleMinimax::new(self.player).step_min(board)
+			Chase::new(self.player).step_min(board)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 impl MaximizerAgent for Diffuse {
 	fn step_max(&mut self, board: &Board) -> Result<PlayerAction> {
-		let symb = [Symb::Minus, Symb::Times, Symb::Plus, Symb::Div]
+		let mut x = [Symb::Minus, Symb::Times, Symb::Plus, Symb::Div];
-			.iter()
+		x.shuffle(&mut thread_rng());
-			.find(|x| !board.contains(**x));
+		let symb = x.iter().find(|x| !board.contains(**x));
 
 		if let Some(symb) = symb {
 			Ok(self.step_symb(board, *symb))
 		} else {
 			// No symbols available, play a random number
-			SimpleMinimax::new(self.player).step_max(board)
+			Chase::new(self.player).step_max(board)
 		}
 	}
 }

src/agents/human.rs

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ impl SymbolSelector {
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn up(&mut self, board: &Board) {
+	fn down(&mut self, board: &Board) {
 		if self.cursor == 0 {
 			self.cursor = self.symbols.len() - 1;
 		} else {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ impl SymbolSelector {
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn down(&mut self, board: &Board) {
+	fn up(&mut self, board: &Board) {
 		if self.cursor == self.symbols.len() - 1 {
 			self.cursor = 0;
 		} else {
@@ -92,14 +92,18 @@ impl Human {
 
 		self.symbol_selector.check(board);
 
+		let board_label = format!(
+			"{}{:<6}{}",
+			color::Fg(self.player.color()),
+			if minimize { "Min" } else { "Max" },
+			color::Fg(color::Reset)
+		);
+
 		// Ask for input until we get a valid move
 		loop {
 			print!(
-				"\r{}{}{}   ╙{}{}{}{}{}╜  {}",
+				"\r{}╙{}{}{}{}{}╜  {}",
-				// Goal
+				board_label,
-				color::Fg(self.player.color()),
-				if minimize { "Min" } else { "Max" },
-				color::Fg(color::Reset),
 				// Cursor
 				" ".repeat(self.cursor),
 				color::Fg(self.player.color()),
@@ -156,7 +160,7 @@ impl Human {
 						self.symbol_selector.down(board);
 						break;
 					}
-					Key::Char('\n') => {
+					Key::Char(' ') | Key::Char('\n') => {
 						let symb = Symb::from_char(self.symbol_selector.current());
 						if let Some(symb) = symb {
 							let action = PlayerAction {
@@ -191,7 +195,7 @@ impl Human {
 
 impl Agent for Human {
 	fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
-		"Player"
+		"Human"
 	}
 
 	fn player(&self) -> Player {

src/agents/mod.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
+mod brutus;
+mod chase;
 mod diffuse;
 mod human;
-mod minimax;
 mod random;
 pub mod util;
 
+pub use brutus::Brutus;
+pub use chase::Chase;
 pub use diffuse::Diffuse;
 pub use human::Human;
-pub use minimax::SimpleMinimax;
 pub use random::Random;
 
 use crate::{

src/agents/util/partials.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use std::num::NonZeroU8;
+use std::{mem::swap, num::NonZeroU8};
 
 use crate::{board::Board, util::Symb};
 
-/// Returns an iterator of (sort, coords, char_idx, f32) for each empty slot in the listed partials.
+/// Returns an iterator of (idx, coords, char_idx, f32) for each empty slot in the listed partials.
-/// - sort is the index of this slot.
+/// - idx is the index of this slot in the board string.
 /// - coords are the coordinate of this slot's partial
 /// - char_idx is the index of this slot in its partial
 /// - f32 is the influence of this slot
@@ -51,16 +51,12 @@ pub fn free_slots_by_influence(board: &Board) -> Option<Vec<(usize, f32)>> {
 	Some(slots)
 }
 
-/// Find the maximum possible value of the given board
+/// Find the minimum or maximum possible value of the given board,
-#[allow(dead_code)]
+/// without adding any operations. Returns None if we couldn't find
-pub fn maximize_value(board: &Board) -> Option<Board> {
+/// a best board.
+pub fn best_board_noop(board: &Board, minimize: bool) -> Option<Board> {
 	let n_free = board.get_board().iter().filter(|x| x.is_none()).count();
 
-	// Assume we have 10 or fewer available slots
-	if n_free >= 10 {
-		panic!()
-	}
-
 	let available_numbers = (0..=9)
 		.map(|x| match x {
 			0 => Symb::Zero,
@@ -69,19 +65,36 @@ pub fn maximize_value(board: &Board) -> Option<Board> {
 		.filter(|x| !board.contains(*x))
 		.collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
-	let slots = free_slots_by_influence(&board)?;
+	if n_free > available_numbers.len() {
+		return None;
+	}
+
+	let slots = free_slots_by_influence(board)?;
 
 	let all_symbols = {
-		// We need this many from the bottom, and this many from the top.
+		let mut a = {
-		let neg_count = slots.iter().filter(|(_, x)| *x <= 0.0).count();
+			// Number of slots we want to minimize
-		let pos_count = slots.iter().filter(|(_, x)| *x > 0.0).count();
+			let mut neg_count = slots.iter().filter(|(_, x)| *x <= 0.0).count();
+			// Number of slots we want to maximize
+			let mut pos_count = slots.iter().filter(|(_, x)| *x > 0.0).count();
 
-		let mut a_iter = available_numbers
+			if minimize {
-			.iter()
+				swap(&mut neg_count, &mut pos_count);
-			.take(neg_count)
+			}
-			.chain(available_numbers.iter().rev().take(pos_count).rev());
 
-		let mut g = slots
+			available_numbers
+				.iter()
+				.take(neg_count)
+				.chain(available_numbers.iter().rev().take(pos_count).rev())
+				.collect_vec()
+		};
+
+		if !minimize {
+			a.reverse();
+		}
+		let mut a_iter = a.into_iter();
+
+		slots
 			// Group slots with equal weights
 			// and count the number of elements in each group
 			.iter()
@@ -92,7 +105,7 @@ pub fn maximize_value(board: &Board) -> Option<Board> {
 			// equal-weight slots
 			.map(|s| {
 				(0..s)
-					.map(|_| a_iter.next().unwrap().clone())
+					.map(|_| *a_iter.next().unwrap())
 					.permutations(s)
 					.unique()
 					.collect_vec()
@@ -101,37 +114,32 @@ pub fn maximize_value(board: &Board) -> Option<Board> {
 			// of this set of sets
 			.multi_cartesian_product()
 			.map(|x| x.iter().flatten().cloned().collect_vec())
-			.map(|v| slots.iter().zip(v).collect_vec())
+			// Finally, attach the coordinate of each slot to each symbol
-			.collect_vec();
+			.map(|v| slots.iter().map(|x| x.0).zip(v).collect_vec())
-
+			.collect_vec()
-		// Sort these vectors so the order of values
-		// matches the order of empty slots
-		g.iter_mut()
-			.for_each(|v| v.sort_by(|(a, _), (b, _)| b.0.partial_cmp(&a.0).unwrap()));
-		g.into_iter()
-			.map(|v| v.into_iter().map(|(_, s)| s).collect_vec())
 	};
 
 	let mut best_board = None;
 	let mut best_value = None;
-	for i in all_symbols {
+	for i_iter in all_symbols {
-		let mut i_iter = i.iter();
+		let mut tmp_board = board.clone();
-		let filled = Board::from_board(board.get_board().map(|x| match x {
+		for (i, s) in i_iter {
-			None => i_iter.next().cloned(),
+			tmp_board.get_board_mut()[i] = Some(s);
-			_ => x,
+		}
-		}));
 
-		let val = filled.evaluate();
+		let val = tmp_board.evaluate();
 
 		if let Some(val) = val {
-			if let Some(best) = best_value {
+			if minimize {
-				if val > best {
+				if best_value.is_none() || val < best_value.unwrap() {
 					best_value = Some(val);
-					best_board = Some(filled)
+					best_board = Some(tmp_board)
 				}
 			} else {
-				best_value = Some(val);
+				if best_value.is_none() || val > best_value.unwrap() {
-				best_board = Some(filled)
+					best_value = Some(val);
+					best_board = Some(tmp_board)
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}

src/board/board.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use std::fmt::Write;
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Display, Write};
 use termion::color::{self, Color};
 
 use super::{PlayerAction, TreeElement};
@@ -65,14 +65,18 @@ pub struct Board {
 	last_placed: Option<usize>,
 }
 
-impl ToString for Board {
+impl Display for Board {
-	fn to_string(&self) -> String {
+	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-		let mut s = String::new();
+		for c in self.board {
-		s.extend(
+			write!(f, "{}", c.map(|s| s.get_char().unwrap()).unwrap_or('_'))?
-			self.board
+		}
-				.map(|x| x.map(|s| s.to_char().unwrap()).unwrap_or('_')),
+		Ok(())
-		);
+	}
-		s
+}
+
+impl Debug for Board {
+	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+		Display::fmt(&self, f)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -95,6 +99,24 @@ impl Board {
 		&mut self.board
 	}
 
+	/// Get the index of the ith empty slot
+	pub fn ith_empty_slot(&self, mut idx: usize) -> Option<usize> {
+		for (i, c) in self.board.iter().enumerate() {
+			if c.is_none() {
+				if idx == 0 {
+					return Some(i);
+				}
+				idx -= 1;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if idx == 0 {
+			Some(self.board.len() - 1)
+		} else {
+			None
+		}
+	}
+
 	pub fn is_done(&self) -> bool {
 		self.free_spots == 0
 	}
@@ -369,7 +391,7 @@ impl Board {
 				if c == '_' {
 					Some(None)
 				} else {
-					Symb::from_char(c).map(|s| Some(s))
+					Symb::from_char(c).map(Some)
 				}
 			})
 			.collect::<Vec<_>>();

src/cli.rs

@@ -1,59 +1,79 @@
+use std::fmt::Display;
+
 use clap::{Parser, ValueEnum};
 
 use crate::{
-	agents::{Diffuse, Human, MaximizerAgent, MinimizerAgent, Random, SimpleMinimax},
+	agents::{Brutus, Chase, Diffuse, Human, MaximizerAgent, MinimizerAgent, Random},
 	util::Player,
 };
 
 #[derive(Parser, Debug)]
-#[command(version, about)]
+#[command(about)]
 pub struct Cli {
-	pub red: AgentSelector,
+	/// The agent that controls the Blue (opponent) player
 	pub blue: AgentSelector,
 
+	/// The agent that controls the Red (home) player
+	#[arg(long, default_value = "human")]
+	pub red: AgentSelector,
+
+	/// If this is greater than one, repeat the game this many times and print a summary.
 	#[arg(long, short, default_value = "0")]
 	pub repeat: usize,
-
-	#[arg(long, short, default_value = "false")]
-	pub silent: bool,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, ValueEnum)]
 pub enum AgentSelector {
-	Random,
+	/// A human agent. Asks for input.
-	Diffuse,
-	Minimax,
 	Human,
+
+	/// A random agent (very easy)
+	Random,
+
+	/// A simple extremum-chaser (easy)
+	Chase,
+
+	/// A smarter extremum-chaser (medium)
+	Diffuse,
+
+	/// A very smart brute-force agent (hard)
+	Brutus,
 }
 
 impl AgentSelector {
-	pub fn to_maxi(&self, player: Player) -> Box<dyn MaximizerAgent> {
+	pub fn get_maximizer(&self, player: Player) -> Box<dyn MaximizerAgent> {
 		match self {
 			Self::Random => Box::new(Random::new(player)),
-			Self::Minimax => Box::new(SimpleMinimax::new(player)),
+			Self::Chase => Box::new(Chase::new(player)),
 			Self::Diffuse => Box::new(Diffuse::new(player)),
+			Self::Brutus => Box::new(Brutus::new(player)),
 			Self::Human => Box::new(Human::new(player)),
 		}
 	}
 
-	pub fn to_mini(&self, player: Player) -> Box<dyn MinimizerAgent> {
+	pub fn get_minimizer(&self, player: Player) -> Box<dyn MinimizerAgent> {
 		match self {
 			Self::Random => Box::new(Random::new(player)),
-			Self::Minimax => Box::new(SimpleMinimax::new(player)),
+			Self::Chase => Box::new(Chase::new(player)),
 			Self::Diffuse => Box::new(Diffuse::new(player)),
+			Self::Brutus => Box::new(Brutus::new(player)),
 			Self::Human => Box::new(Human::new(player)),
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-impl ToString for AgentSelector {
+impl Display for AgentSelector {
-	fn to_string(&self) -> String {
+	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-		match self {
+		write!(
-			Self::Random => "random",
+			f,
-			Self::Diffuse => "diffuse",
+			"{}",
-			Self::Minimax => "minimax",
+			match self {
-			Self::Human => "human",
+				Self::Random => "random",
-		}
+				Self::Diffuse => "diffuse",
-		.to_string()
+				Self::Brutus => "brutus",
+				Self::Chase => "chase",
+				Self::Human => "human",
+			}
+		)
 	}
 }

src/main.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
-use std::cmp::Ordering;
+use std::{
+	cmp::Ordering,
+	io::{stdout, Write},
+};
 
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
 use clap::Parser;
+use rayon::iter::{IntoParallelIterator, ParallelIterator};
 use termion::color::{self};
 
 mod agents;
@@ -59,17 +63,27 @@ fn play(
 	let mut is_first_turn = true;
 	let mut is_maxi_turn = true;
 
+	let board_label = format!(
+		"{}{:<6}{}",
+		color::Fg(color::LightBlack),
+		maxi.player().to_string(),
+		color::Fg(color::Reset)
+	);
+
 	while !board.is_done() {
 		// Print board
 		println!(
 			"\r{}{}{}{}",
-			" ".repeat(6),
+			board_label,
 			if is_first_turn { '╓' } else { '║' },
 			board.prettyprint()?,
 			if is_first_turn { '╖' } else { '║' },
 		);
 		is_first_turn = false;
 
+		print!("Thinking...");
+		stdout().flush()?;
+
 		// Take action
 		let action = if is_maxi_turn {
 			maxi.step_max(&board)?
@@ -99,76 +113,73 @@ fn play(
 		is_maxi_turn = !is_maxi_turn;
 	}
 
-	println!("\r{}║{}║", " ".repeat(6), board.prettyprint()?);
+	println!("\r{}║{}║", board_label, board.prettyprint()?);
-	println!("\r{}╙{}╜", " ".repeat(6), " ".repeat(board.size()));
+	println!("\r{}╙{}╜", board_label, " ".repeat(board.size()));
 	Ok(board)
 }
 
 fn main() -> Result<()> {
 	let cli = cli::Cli::parse();
 
+	rayon::ThreadPoolBuilder::new()
+		.num_threads(8)
+		.build_global()
+		.unwrap();
+
 	if cli.repeat > 1 {
-		let mut red_wins = 0f32;
+		let x = (0..cli.repeat)
-		let mut blue_wins = 0f32;
+			.into_par_iter()
+			.filter_map(|_| {
+				let mut maxi = cli.red.get_maximizer(Player::Red);
+				let mut mini = cli.blue.get_minimizer(Player::Blue);
+				let red_board = match play_silent(&mut *maxi, &mut *mini) {
+					Ok(x) => x,
+					Err(e) => {
+						println!("Error: {e}");
+						return None;
+					}
+				};
 
-		for _ in 0..cli.repeat {
+				let mut maxi = cli.blue.get_maximizer(Player::Blue);
-			let mut maxi = cli.red.to_maxi(Player::Red);
+				let mut mini = cli.red.get_minimizer(Player::Red);
-			let mut mini = cli.blue.to_mini(Player::Blue);
+				let blue_board = match play_silent(&mut *maxi, &mut *mini) {
-			let red_board = match if cli.silent {
+					Ok(x) => x,
-				play_silent(&mut *maxi, &mut *mini)
+					Err(e) => {
-			} else {
+						println!("Error: {e}");
-				play(&mut *maxi, &mut *mini)
+						return None;
-			} {
+					}
-				Ok(x) => x,
+				};
-				Err(e) => {
-					println!("Error: {e}");
-					continue;
-				}
-			};
 
-			let mut maxi = cli.blue.to_maxi(Player::Blue);
+				match red_board.evaluate().partial_cmp(&blue_board.evaluate()) {
-			let mut mini = cli.red.to_mini(Player::Red);
+					Some(Ordering::Equal) => None,
-			let blue_board = match if cli.silent {
+					Some(Ordering::Greater) => Some(Player::Red),
-				play_silent(&mut *maxi, &mut *mini)
+					Some(Ordering::Less) => Some(Player::Blue),
-			} else {
+					None => {
-				play(&mut *maxi, &mut *mini)
+						println!("Error");
-			} {
+						None
-				Ok(x) => x,
+					}
-				Err(e) => {
-					println!("Error: {e}");
-					continue;
 				}
-			};
+			})
+			.collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
-			match red_board.evaluate().partial_cmp(&blue_board.evaluate()) {
+		let red_wins = x.iter().filter(|x| **x == Player::Red).count();
-				Some(Ordering::Equal) => {}
+		let blue_wins = x.iter().filter(|x| **x == Player::Blue).count();
-				Some(Ordering::Greater) => red_wins += 1.0,
-				Some(Ordering::Less) => blue_wins += 1.0,
-				None => {
-					println!("Error");
-				}
-			}
-		}
 
 		println!("Played {} rounds\n", cli.repeat);
 		println!(
 			"Red  win rate: {:.2}  ({})",
-			red_wins / cli.repeat as f32,
+			red_wins as f32 / cli.repeat as f32,
-			cli.red.to_string(),
+			cli.red,
 		);
 		println!(
 			"Blue win rate: {:.2}  ({}) ",
-			blue_wins / cli.repeat as f32,
+			blue_wins as f32 / cli.repeat as f32,
-			cli.blue.to_string(),
+			cli.blue,
 		);
 	} else {
-		let mut maxi = cli.red.to_maxi(Player::Red);
+		let mut maxi = cli.red.get_maximizer(Player::Red);
-		let mut mini = cli.blue.to_mini(Player::Blue);
+		let mut mini = cli.blue.get_minimizer(Player::Blue);
-		let red_board = if cli.silent {
+		let red_board = play(&mut *maxi, &mut *mini)?;
-			play_silent(&mut *maxi, &mut *mini)
-		} else {
-			play(&mut *maxi, &mut *mini)
-		}?;
 
 		if red_board.is_done() {
 			println!(
@@ -187,13 +198,9 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
 			return Ok(());
 		}
 
-		let mut maxi = cli.blue.to_maxi(Player::Blue);
+		let mut maxi = cli.blue.get_maximizer(Player::Blue);
-		let mut mini = cli.red.to_mini(Player::Red);
+		let mut mini = cli.red.get_minimizer(Player::Red);
-		let blue_board = if cli.silent {
+		let blue_board = play(&mut *maxi, &mut *mini)?;
-			play_silent(&mut *maxi, &mut *mini)
-		} else {
-			play(&mut *maxi, &mut *mini)
-		}?;
 
 		if blue_board.is_done() {
 			println!(
@@ -220,7 +227,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
 				println!(
 					"\r\n{}Red ({}){} wins!",
 					color::Fg(Player::Red.color()),
-					cli.red.to_string(),
+					cli.red,
 					color::Fg(color::Reset),
 				);
 			}
@@ -228,7 +235,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
 				println!(
 					"\r\n{}Blue ({}){} wins!",
 					color::Fg(Player::Blue.color()),
-					cli.blue.to_string(),
+					cli.blue,
 					color::Fg(color::Reset),
 				);
 			}

src/util.rs

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ impl Symb {
 		self == &Self::Minus
 	}
 
-	pub const fn to_char(&self) -> Option<char> {
+	pub const fn get_char(&self) -> Option<char> {
 		match self {
 			Self::Plus => Some('+'),
 			Self::Minus => Some('-'),