\section{Introduction}

To solve the problems in this handout, you mustn't be a chess master---you just need to know how the pieces move.
I'm sure you're all familiar with the basic rules of chess. The odd ones are listed below.

\generic{Board orientation:}
The bottom-left square of a chessboard is \textbf{always} black.

\generic{Starting pawns \& en passant:}
A pawn may move two squares on its first turn. \par
An opposing pawn may capture this pawn as it does this. \par
This is called an \textit{en passant} capture (Which means \say{in passing} in French)

\begin{minipage}{0.3\textwidth}
	\begin{center}
		\chessboard[
			smallboard,
			maxfield=b4,
			setpieces = {
				pa4,pb3,
				Pa1,Pb1
			},
			addpgf={
				\tikz[overlay]
				\draw[red,line width=0.1em,->]
				(a1)--(a3);
			},
		]

		White moves two squares
	\end{center}	
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}{0.3\textwidth}
	\begin{center}
		\chessboard[
			smallboard,
			maxfield=b4,
			setpieces = {
				pa4,pb3,
				Pa3,Pb1
			},
			addpgf={
				\tikz[overlay]
				\draw[red,line width=0.1em,->]
				(b3)--(a2);
			},
		]

		Black captures en passant
	\end{center}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}{0.3\textwidth}
	\begin{center}
		\chessboard[
			smallboard,
			maxfield=b4,
			setpieces = {
				pa4,pa2,
				Pb1
			},
		]

		Result
	\end{center}
\end{minipage}

\vfill

\generic{Promotion:}
When a pawn reaches the last row of the board, it may be promoted to \textbf{any} other piece.\par
(Except a king or a pawn, of course.)

\generic{Castling:}
A king and rook can \textit{castle} under the following conditions:
\begin{itemize}
	\item No pieces are in the way
	\item The king has not yet moved
	\item The rook has not yet moved
	\item The king is not in check
	\item The king does not move through check while castling
\end{itemize}

\begin{minipage}{0.3\textwidth}
	\begin{center}
		\chessboard[
			smallboard,
			maxfield=h2,
			setpieces = {
				Ra1,Ke1,Rh1
			},
			addpgf={
				\tikz[overlay]
				\draw[red,line width=0.1em,->]
				(e1)--(g1);
				\tikz[overlay]
				\draw[red,line width=0.1em,->]
				(e1)--(c1);
			},
			hmarginwidth=0mm	
		]

		Possible castle directions
	\end{center}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}{0.3\textwidth}
	\begin{center}
		\chessboard[
			smallboard,
			maxfield=h2,
			setpieces = {
				Rd1,Kc1,Rh1
			},
			hmarginwidth=0mm
		]

		Queenside castle result
	\end{center}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}{0.3\textwidth}
	\begin{center}
		\chessboard[
			smallboard,
			maxfield=h2,
			setpieces = {
				Ra1,Kg1,Rf1
			},
			hmarginwidth=0mm,
			]

		Kingside castle result
	\end{center}
\end{minipage}
\par

\vfill
\pagebreak