diff --git a/Advanced/Generating Functions/parts/00 introduction.tex b/Advanced/Generating Functions/parts/00 introduction.tex index 96fca76..adf9871 100755 --- a/Advanced/Generating Functions/parts/00 introduction.tex +++ b/Advanced/Generating Functions/parts/00 introduction.tex @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Say we have a sequence $a_0, a_1, a_2, ...$. \par The \textit{generating function} of this sequence is defined as follows: \begin{equation*} - A(x) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty a_nx^n = a_0 + a_1x + a_2x^2 + a_3x+3 + ... + A(x) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty a_nx^n = a_0 + a_1x + a_2x^2 + a_3x^3 + ... \end{equation*} Under some circumstances, this sum does not converge, and thus $A(x)$ is undefined. \par @@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ Assuming $|x| < 1$, show that \begin{equation*} \frac{1}{1-x} = 1 + x + x^2 + x^3 + ... \end{equation*} +\hint{use some clever algebra. What is $x \times (1 + x + x^2 + ...)$? } \begin{solution} Let $S = 1 + x + x^2 + ...$ \par diff --git a/Advanced/Generating Functions/parts/01 fibonacci.tex b/Advanced/Generating Functions/parts/01 fibonacci.tex index af82307..3c99478 100755 --- a/Advanced/Generating Functions/parts/01 fibonacci.tex +++ b/Advanced/Generating Functions/parts/01 fibonacci.tex @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ we used to define the Fibonacci numbers. \pagebreak -\problem{} +\problem{} Using the problems on the previous page, find $F(x)$ in terms of $x$. \begin{solution} @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ A \textit{rational function} $f$ is a function that can be written as a quotient That is, $f(x) = \frac{p(x)}{q(x)}$ where $p$ and $q$ are polynomials. \problem{} -Solve this equation for $F(x)$, expressing it as a rational function. +Solve the equation from \ref for $F(x)$, expressing it as a rational function. \begin{solution} \begin{align*} @@ -98,20 +98,20 @@ Solve this equation for $F(x)$, expressing it as a rational function. \pagebreak -\problem{} -Now that we have a rational function for $F(x)$, \par -find a closed-form expression for its coefficients. - -\vspace{2mm} - -Do this using \textit{partial fraction decomposition:} \par -We can break up a rational function $\frac{p(x)}{(x-a)(x-b)}$ as follows: +\definition{} +\textit{Partial fraction decomposition} is an algebreic technique that works as follows: \par +If $p(x)$ is a polynomial and $a$ and $b$ are constants, +we can rewrite the rational function $\frac{p(x)}{(x-a)(x-b)}$ as follows: \begin{equation*} - F(x) = \frac{p(x)}{(x-a)(x-b)} = \frac{c}{x-a} + \frac{d}{x-b} + \frac{p(x)}{(x-a)(x-b)} = \frac{c}{x-a} + \frac{d}{x-b} \end{equation*} where $c$ and $d$ are constants. +\problem{} +Now that we have a rational function for $F(x)$, \par +find a closed-form expression for its coefficients using partial fraction decomposition. + \begin{solution} \begin{align*} F(x)