diff --git a/Misc/Warm-Ups/partitions.tex b/Misc/Warm-Ups/partitions.tex new file mode 100755 index 0000000..e075f75 --- /dev/null +++ b/Misc/Warm-Ups/partitions.tex @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +\documentclass[ + solutions, + singlenumbering, + nopagenumber +]{../../resources/ormc_handout} +\usepackage{../../resources/macros} + + +\title{Warm-Up: Partition Products} +\subtitle{Prepared by \githref{Mark} on \today.} + +\begin{document} + + \maketitle + + \problem{} + Take any positive integer $n$. \par + Now, write it as sum of smaller positive integers: $n = a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_k$. \par + Maximize the product $a_1 \times a_2 \times ... \times a_k$. + + + + \begin{solution} + + \textbf{Interesting Solution:} + + Of course, all $a_i$ should be greater than $1$. \par + Also, all $a_i$ should be smaller than four, since $x \leq x(x-2)$ if $x \geq 4$. \par + Thus, we're left with sequences that only contain 2 and 3. \par + \note{Note that two twos are the same as one four, but we exclude fours for simplicity.} + + \vspace{2mm} + + Finally, we see that $3^2 > 2^3$, so any three twos are better repackaged as two threes. \par + The best sequence $a_i$ thus consists of a maximal number of threes followed by 0, 1, or 2 twos. + + \linehack{} + + + + \textbf{Calculus Solution:} + + First, solve this problem for equal, non-integer $a_i$: + + \vspace{2mm} + + We know $n = \prod{a_i}$, thus $\ln(n) = \sum{\ln(a_i)}$. \par + If all $a_i$ are equal, we get $\ln(n) = k \times \ln(n / k)$. \par + Derive wrt $k$ and set to zero to get $\ln(n / k) = 1$ \par + So $k = n / e$ and $n / k = e \approx 2.7$ + + \vspace{2mm} + + If we try to approximate this with integers, we get the same solution as above. + \end{solution} +\end{document} \ No newline at end of file