diff --git a/Advanced/Cryptography/parts/0 euclidean.tex b/Advanced/Cryptography/parts/0 euclidean.tex index 24d0e29..83c3553 100755 --- a/Advanced/Cryptography/parts/0 euclidean.tex +++ b/Advanced/Cryptography/parts/0 euclidean.tex @@ -21,15 +21,6 @@ In other words, we can divide $a$ by $b$ to get $q$ remainder $r$. For any integers $a, b, c$, \par $\gcd(ac + b, a) = \gcd(a, b)$ -\problem{} -Compute the gcd of 12 and 976. -\begin{solution} - $976 = 3 \times 324 + 4 = 3 \times 4 \times 81 + 4$ - So, $\gcd(a, b) = 4$ -\end{solution} - -\vfill - \problem{The Euclidean Algorithm} Using the two theorems above, detail an algorithm for finding $\gcd(a, b)$. \par Then, compute $\gcd(1610, 207)$ by hand. \par @@ -109,7 +100,6 @@ We now want to write the 2 in the last equation in terms of 20 and 14. \begin{solution} - Using the output of the Euclidean Algorithm, we can use substitution and a bit of algebra to solve such problems. Consider the following example: \begin{multicols}{2} @@ -139,6 +129,10 @@ We now want to write the 2 in the last equation in terms of 20 and 14. $\gcd(541, 34) = 541(11) + 34(-175)$ \end{solution} +\begin{solution} + \huge + This problem is too hard. Break it into many. +\end{solution} \vfill \pagebreak diff --git a/Advanced/Cryptography/parts/1 mod.tex b/Advanced/Cryptography/parts/1 mod.tex index dbc3b82..b06b662 100755 --- a/Advanced/Cryptography/parts/1 mod.tex +++ b/Advanced/Cryptography/parts/1 mod.tex @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Create a multiplication table for $\mathbb{Z}_4$: \definition{} -Let $a, b \in \mathbb{Z}_n$. \par +Let $a, b$ be elements of %\mathbb{Z}_n$. \par If $a \times b = 1$, we say that $b$ is the \textit{inverse} of $a$ in $\mathbb{Z}_n$. \vspace{2mm} @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ We usually write \say{$a$ inverse} as $a^{-1}$. \par Inverses are \textbf{not} guaranteed to exist. \theorem{} -$a$ has an inverse in $\mathbb{Z}_n$ iff $\gcd(a, n) = 1$ \par +$a$ has an inverse in $\mathbb{Z}_n$ if and only if $\gcd(a, n) = 1$ \par \problem{} Find the inverse of $3$ in $\mathbb{Z}_4$, if one exists. \par @@ -56,14 +56,13 @@ Find the inverse of $4$ in $\mathbb{Z}_7$, if one exists. \problem{} -Show that if $n$ is not prime, $\mathbb{Z}_n$ has at least one element with no inverse. - +Show that if $n$ is prime, every element of $\mathbb{Z}_n$ (except 0) has an inverse. \vfill \problem{} -Is this true if $n$ is prime? - +Show that if $n$ is not prime, $\mathbb{Z}_n$ has at least one element with no inverse. \vfill + \pagebreak \problem{} diff --git a/Advanced/Cryptography/parts/5 Elgamal.tex b/Advanced/Cryptography/parts/5 Elgamal.tex index fe6eced..c5bb38c 100755 --- a/Advanced/Cryptography/parts/5 Elgamal.tex +++ b/Advanced/Cryptography/parts/5 Elgamal.tex @@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ Run this algorithm and make sure it works. \problem{} -Is this secure? What information does Eve have? \par -What does Eve need to find $m$? +What information does Eve have? \par +What does Eve need to do to find $m$? \vfill \problem{}